Preface    ix
Introduction: Where Is Central Europe?    3

1 Central Europe and the Roman Christian West, 400-1000    13

Romans and Barbarians: Christians and Pagans Roman CatholiG Eastern Orthodox, and IslamicEmpires:
Charlemagne, Byzantium, and the Rise of the Ottomans

2    Feudal Foundations, 1000-1350    27

TheDisunited GermanEmpire
Austrian, Bohemian, Hungarian, and PolishDynasties
Bohemia's Imperial Bid: King Otakar's Thirteenth-Century Empire
The German "Drive to theEast, " 1200-1350
Stemming the German Tide? The Battle of Grunwald

3 The Great Late Medieval Kingdoms: Poland and
Hungary, 1350-1500    45

The Wedding of Poland and Lithuania, 1386
The Greatest Hungarian King: The Reign of Matthias I, 1458-1490
Empire Building at the Altar: Habsburg Marital Diplomacy,
1477-1515

4 The Bulwarks of Christendom: Religion and Warfare,
1400-1550    64

The Crack in the Foundation: Jan Hus and the Bohemian Precedent
Western ChristianityDivided: TheReformation
Western Christianity Threatened: The Rise of the Ottomans'
European Empire

5 The Counter-Reformation: The Roman Catholic Church and
the Habsburg Dynasty Triumphant, 1550-1700    85

Breaking Bohemia 's Back: The Battle of White Mountain, 1620
Winners and Losers: The Peace of Westphalia, 1648
Defeating the Infidel, or Poland Saves the West: Lifting the Turkish
Siege of Vienna, 1683
The Consolidation of the HabsburgEmpire

6    Absolutism as Enlightenment, 1700-1790    103

Triangular Conflict in theEast: Poland-Lithuania, Sweden, and
Russia
The Polish Paradox: Freedom Without "Enlightenment"
Frederick the Great and Prussian Pathology
Russia's Westward Turn: Peter the Great and Catherine the Great
HabsburgEnlightenment: Maria Theresia andJoseph II

7    Nations Without States, States Without Nations, 1790- 1848    124
The Partitions of Poland, 1772-1795
Central Luropean Soul: Volksgeist
From Nations to Nationalisms
The Politics of Language
The "Jewish Question"                   
8    The Demise of Imperial Austria and the Rise of
Imperial Germany, 1848-1890    149   
The "Springtime of Nations ". The Revolutions of 1848       
ThePrussian Unification of Germany, 1866-1871       
Imperial German Geography: Mitteleuropa
9    World War I and National Self-Determination,
1914-1922    171

Austria-Hungary: The "Prison of Nations, "
1914-1918
The Resurrection of Poland, 1918-1922
Dictating Peace and Drawing Borders: The Treaties of
Versailles, St. Germain, and Trianon, 1919-1920

10 Spheres of Influence I: Germany and the Soviet Union    197
German-Soviet Cooperation: The Spirit of Rapallo,       
1922-1933
Hitler's Foreign Policy: From the Revision of Versailles
to the Nonaggression Pact with Stalin, 1933-1939
Space, Race, and Nazi Germany's New European
Order, 1939-1945

11 Spheres of Influence II: East and West, or
 “Yalta Europe”    223

The Polish Problem, 1939-1945

Yalta: Bungling or Betrayal ?
The Making of Eastern Europe, 1945-1948 Dividing Germany, 1949 Starting the Cold War

12 The Failure of Eastern Europe, 1956-1989    249
Revolutions and Reforms: 1956, 1968, and 1980-1981
The Idea of Central Europe
The Gorbachev Factor

Epilogue: Postrevolutionary Paradoxes:
Central Europe Since 1989    275
Notes    309
Index    327

List of Figures    xi
List of Tables    xiii
Contributors    xvi

I. INTRODUCTION

1. A Cross National Comparative Approach to Couples' Careers    1
HANS-PETER BLOSSFELD AND SONlA DROBNIC
2. Theoretical Perspectives on Couples' Careers    16
HANS-PETER BLOSSFELD AND SONJA DROBNIC

II. THE 'CONSERVATIVE' WELFARE STATE REGIME
3. Spouses' Employment Careers in (West) Germany    53
HANS-PETER BLOSSFELD, SONlA DROBNIC, AND GOTZ ROHWER
4. Couples' Labour-Market Participation in the Netherlands    77
JOHN HENDRICKX, WIM BERNASCO, AND PAUL M. DE GRMF
5. Couples'Careers in Flanders    98
MARTINE CORIJN

III. THE 'MEDITERRANEAN' WELFARE STATE REGIME

6. The Employment Behaviour of Married Women in Italy    121
FABRIZIO BERNARDI
7. Spouses' Employment Careers in Spain    146
MARIA lOSE GONZALEZ-LOPEZ

IV. THE 'LIBERAL' WELFARE STATE REGIME
8. Married Women's Employment Patterns in Britain    175
ANDREW MCCULLOCH AND SHIRLEY DEX
9. Coupled Careers: Pathways Through Work and Marriage in the
United States 201
SHIN-KAP HAN AND PHYLLIS MOEN

V. THE 'SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC' WELFARE STATE REGIME

10. Earnings as a Force of Attraction and Specialization in Sweden    233
URSULA HENZ AND MARIANNE SUNDSTROM
11. Work Careers of Married Women in Denmark    261
S0REN LETH-S0RENSEN AND GOTZ ROHWER

VI. THE (FORMER) 'STATE SOCIALIST'REGIME
12. Employment Patterns of Married Women in Poland    281
SONJA DROBNIC AND EWA FRĄTCZAK
13. Employment Patterns in Hungarian Couples    307
PETER ROBERT, ERZSEBET BUKODI, AND RUUD LUIlKX
14. Job-Shift Patterns of Husbands and Wives in Urban China    332
XUEGUANG ZHOU AND PHYLLIS MOEN

VII. RESULTS OF CROSS-NATIONAL COMPARISONS
15. Careers of Couples and Trends in Inequality    371
SONIA DROBNIC AND HANS-PETER BLOSSFELD

Subject Index    387
Author Index

Preface . . vii
Note on the text . . xiv
List of plates . . xv
List of maps . . xvii

Introduction . . 1
1 History's cruel tricks . . 10
2 Revivingthedream . . 31
3 The drama of reform . . 58
4 Waiting for the end of the world . . 86
5 Survival and cannibalism in the rust belt . . l13
6 Democracy without liberalism? . . 142
7 Idealism and treason . . 171
Notes . . 197
Further reading . . 233
Index . . 237

1 Introduction . . 3
2 Singing One's Way to Sobriety: The State's Guardianship . . 14
3 Drugs Are Our Business: Physicians Stake a Claim on Therapies . . 36
4 Battling Booze: Strategies for Sobriety in the Military . . 52
5 The Church's New Social Mission . . 69   
6 Women's Physical and Political Use of Alcohol . . 90
7 Tea and Symphony: The Laity Mobilizes against Alcohol . . 111
8 The Politics of Alcohol . . 129   
9 Conclusion . . 146

Epilogue . .  151
Notes . . 163
Bibliography . . 215
Index . . 235
Photo Gallery follows p. 68

PREFACE

On the Way to the Royal Hungarian Throne: The First 37 years . . 1

1. A Well-Brought-Up Young Man Who Might Even Become Heir to the Throne . . 5
2. A Royal Archduke Attired in the Hungarian Tricolor . . 19
3. An Amateur Actor amidst the Turmoil of 1848 . . 29
4. The Young Hero of the Battlefield and a Birthday Present . . 43
5. The Anointed Murderer . . 57
6. The Tyrant . . 67
7. Edward and the Welsh . . 85
8. The Compromise of an Autocrat . . 99
9. "The Empress is Learning Hungarian" . . 115
10. Five Minutes Past Midnight . . 121

On the Hungarian Royal Throne: The Last 49 Years . . 139

1. The Limits on Freedom of Speech . . 145
2. Matyas Hunyadi, the Heroic Lion . . 151
3. Why Tell Lies? . . 159
4. The Great Hungarian Split Consciousness and the Lammergeyer . . 169
5. An Even Greater Split in Hungarian Consciousness and the Naked King . . 181
6. The Non-Existent "Magic Spell": the King's Personality . . 193
7. Our Father Kossuth, Prince Rezso', "Ferenc Joska" and Elizabeth of Bavaria . . 211
8. "Francis Joseph Has Sent Word . . 225

EPILOGUE . . 233
BIBLIOGRAPHY . . 235
INDEX . . 243

Contributors . . xiii
Guide to Encyclopedia . . xv
Preface . . xvii

Applied Ethics, Overwiew . . 2
Broadcast Journalism . . 8
Campaign Journalism . . 16
Censorship . . 27
Civil Disobedience . . 31
Civilian Populations in War, Targeting of . . 40
Collective Guilt . . 56
Computer and Information Ethics . . 64
Confidentiality of Sources . . 71
Courtroom Proceedings, Reporting of . . 77
Discrimination, Concept of . . 84
Distributive Justice, Theories of . . 94
Election Strategies . . 107
Electronic Surveillance . . 115
Ethics and Media Quality . . 125
Freedom of the Press in the USA . . 134
Gun Control . . 144
Indigenous Rights . . 178
Internet Protocol . . 186
Media Depiction of Ethnic Minorities . . 194
Media Ownership . . 209
National Security Issues . . 218
Objectivity in Reporting . . 224
Political Obligation . . 233
Pornography . . 241
Privacy versus the Public's Right to Know . . 251
Professional Ethics . . 264
Sexual Content in Films and Television . . 275
Tabloid Journalism . . 283
Terrorism . . 291
Truth Telling as Constiutive of Journalism . . 303
Viloence in Films and Television . . 310
Warfare, Strategies and Tactics . . 323

Index . . 327

1 Einleitung . . 11
1.1 Topographie und Bodenverhältnisse . . 11
1.2 Forschungsgeschichte . . 14
1.3 Vorgehensweise und Ziel der Arbeit . . 20

2 Die Basilika . . 22
2.1 Darstellung des Befundes nach den Grabungen von 1911-1912 (Gesamtplan der Basilika mit Ausnahme der Ansis in der Krypta von St. Gallus) und 1935 (Entdeckung der Apsis in der Krypta von St.Gallus) . . 22
2.2 Die Grabung südlich von St. Gallus (1984-1987) . . 25
2.3 Die Grabung nördlich von St. Gallus (1986) . . 66
2.4 Sondage nordöstlich der Krypta von St. Gallus (1983) . . 69
2.5 Untersuchungen in der Krypta von St. Gallus (1935/1987) . . 70
2.6 Rekonstruktion des Bauvorganges . . 71
2.7 Nachantike Befunde und ihr Verhältnis zu den erhaltenen Teilen der Basilika . . 73

3 Das Forum . . 77
3.1 Allgemeine Charakterisierung des Befundes auf der Basis der bisher erzielten Grabungsergebnisse . . 77
3.2 Die Grabung in der Metzgergasse 10 (1984-1988/1994-1996) . . 78
3.3 Die Grabung in der Kirchenstraße24/Eintrachtgasse 3 (1993-1995) . . 104
3.4 Die Grabung in der Kirchenstraße 33 (1989-1991) . . 107
3.5 Die Grabung in der Kirchenstraße23 (1996) . . 108
3.6 Sondage in der südlichen Kirchenstraße (1997) . . 108
3.7 Sondagen in der Kirchenstraße 43 (1949) und am Durchstich von der Metzgergasse zur Neugasse (1978) . . 110
3.8 Rekonstruktion des Bauvorganges . . 110
3.9 Liste der nachantiken Befunde . . 112

4 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse ctes ^rabungsberichtes . . 113

5 Rekonstruktionsversuch und architekturgeschichtliche Einordnung der Basilika und des Forums . . 120

6 Zur Datierung der Basilika und des Forums anhand stratifizierten Fundmaterials (Sebastian Gairhos) . . 137
6.1 Basilika: Aushubschicht . . 137
6.2 Basilika: Geschlägeschicht . . 137
6.3 Basilika: Ausgleichschicht . . 137
6.4 Forum: Aushubschicht . . 138
6.5 Forum: Geschlägeschicht . . 138
6.6 Forum: Versiegelter Bereich in der westlichen Taberna . . 138
6.7 Ergebnis . . 138
6.8 Fundkatalog . . 139

7 Abgekürzt zitierte Literatur . . 142

8 Abbildungsnachweis . . 143

9 Anhang . . 145
Archäometallurgische Funde und Befunde aus dem Bereich der Basilika . . 147
Eine Ehreninschrift für Septimius Severus aus dem Bereich des Forums . . 165

10 Tafel 1-70 . . 171

Acknowledgments vii

Introduction Shelley Baranowski and Ellen Furlough

PART 1. Tourism, Bourgeois Identity, and the Politics of Nation Building

The Tactics of Retreat: Spa Vacations and Bourgeois 35
Identity in Nineteenth-Century France
Douglas P. Mackaman

Selling Lourdes: Pilgrimage, Tourism, and the Mass- 63
Marketing of the Sacred in Nineteenth-Century France
Suzanne K Kaufman

The Chamber of Commerce's Carnival: City Festivals and 89
Urban Tourism in the United States, 1890-1915
Catherine Cocks

Tourism in Late Imperial Austria: The Development of 108
Tourist Cultures and Their Associated Images of Place
Jill Steward

PART 2. Tourism, Mass Mobilization, and the Nation-State

Know Your Country: A Comparative Perspective on 137
Tourism and Nation Building in Sweden
Orvar Loigren

Seeing the Nature of America: The National Parks as 155
National Assets, 1914-1929
Marguerite S. Shaffer

A "New Deal" for Leisure: Making Mass Tourism during 185
the Great Depression
Michael Berkowitz

Strength through Joy: Tourism and National Integration in 213
the Third Reich
Shelley Baranowski

PART 3. Global Mass Tourism and the Representation of Place

French Cultural Tourism and the Vichy Problem 239
Bertram M. Gordon

Consuming the Beach: Seaside Resorts and Cultures of 272
Tourism in England and Spain from the 1840S to the 1930S
John K Walton

Culture for Export: Tourism and Autoethnography in 299
Postwar Britain
James Buzard

"Everybody Likes Canadians": Canadians, Americans, and 320
the Post-World War II Travel Boom
Karen Dubinsky

La Grande Motte: Regional Development, Tourism, and 348
the State
Ellen Furlough and Rosemary Wakeman

Contributors 373
Index 377

List of Tables and Maps . . xi
Acknowledgments . . xiii
Footnote Abbreviations . . xv
A Note on Style . . xvii

1. The Soviet Affirmative Action Empire . . 1
The Logic of the Affirmative Action Empire . . 2
The Content of the Affirmative Action Empire . . 9
An Affirmative Action Empire . . 15
The Party and the Affirmative Action Empire . . 20
The Geography of the Affirmative Action Empire . . 23
The Chronology of the Affirmative Action Empire . . 25

PART ONE
Implementing the Affirmative Action Empire . . 29

2. Borders and Ethnic Conflict . . 31
The Emergence of National Soviets in Ukraine . . 33
National Soviets in Belorussia and the RSFSR . . 48
National Soviets and Ethnic Conflict in the Soviet East . . 56
Conclusion . . 72

3. Linguistic Ukrainization, 1923-1932 . . 75
The Background to Ukrainization, 1919-1923 . . 78
Ukrainization, 1923-1925 . . 79
Kaganovich's Ukrainization, April 1925-June 1926 . . 84
The Failure of Comprehensive Ukrainization, 1926-1932 . . 98
Conclusion . . 122

4. Affirmative Action in the Soviet East, 1923-1932 . . 125
East and West . . 126
The Cultural Fund 1. . 29
Mechanical Korenizatsiia, 1923 to 1926 . . 132
Functional Korenizatsiia, 1926 to 1928 . . 139
Affirmative Action and Ethnic Conflict in the Industrial Work Place
Cultural Revolution and Korenizatsiia in the Soviet East . . 154
Conclusion: Korenizatsiia in East and West . . 177

5. The Latinization Campaign and the Symbolic Politics of National Identity . . 182
The Latinization Campaign . . 185
Latinization as Derussification . . 194
Language and Terror in the Soviet West . . 204

PART TWO
The Political Crisis of the Affirmative Action Empire . . 209

6. The Politics of National Communism, 1923-1930 . . 211
The Shumskyi Affair . . 212
Nationality and the Left Opposition . . 228
The Socialist Offensive and Cultural Revolution . . 238
The Cultural Revolutionary Show Trial in Ukraine . . 249
Terror as a System of Signaling . . 254
Terror and Policy Reversal in Belorussia . . 260
Conclusion . . 269

7.The National Interpretation of the 1933 Famine . . 273
The Piedmont Principle and Soviet Border Disputes . . 274
The Ukrainian Question in the RSFSR . . 282
The Kuban Affair . . 291
The National Interpretation of the Grain Requisitions Crisis . . 302
Conclusion: The Aftermath of the December 1932 Politburo Decrees . . 307

PART THREE
Revising the Affirrmative Action Empire . . 309

8. Ethnic Cleansing and Enemy Nations . . 311
The Border Regions . . 312
The Politics of Immigration . . 316
Collectivization and Emigration . . 319
The Ukrainian Crisis . . 325
Ethnic Cleansing . . 328
Enemy Nations . . 335
Conclusion . . 341

9. The Revised Soviet Nationalities Policy, 1933-1939 . . 344
The Skrypnyk Affair . . 345
The Greatest-Danger Principle . . 356
Ukrainization after the Skrypnyk Affair . . 362
Silent Korenizatsiia in the Soviet East . . 372
Conclusion . . 392

10. The Reemergence of the Russians . . 394
The Awkward Republic: The RSFSR . . 394
The Internationalization of the RSFSR . . 401
The Russification of the RSFSR . . 403
Script Russification and the Symbolic Politics of the Great Retreat . . 414
Language and the Great Terror . . 422
Conclusion . . 429

11. The Friendship of the Peoples . . 432
The Brotherhood of the Peoples . . 432
The Friendship of the Peoples . . 437
Stalinist Primordialism . . 442
The First among Equals . . 451
Conclusion . . 460

Glossary . . 462
Bibliography . . 465
Index . . 483