Preface fx

1 The Nature of Reference and Information Service 1
Definitions 2
Search 9
What Is a "Reference Source"? 12
What Is a "Fundamental" Reference Source? 13
Guides to Reference Sources 15
Current Reviewing Sources 18
Evaluation of Reference Sources 19

2 Sources of Bibliographic Information 21
Definitions 25
Library Catalogs 31
National Library Catalogs 33
Union Catalogs 40
National Book Bibliographies 43
Bibliographies of Other Publications
and of Audiovisual Materials 58
Subject Bibliographies 87
Selection Aids 93
Current Selection Tools 97
Bibliographies of Bibliographies 99
Summary 102

3 Indexing and Abstracting Services 103
General Periodical Indexing and
Abstracting Services 106
Citation Indexes 118
Table of Contents Services 119
Subject Indexes to Periodicals 122
Newspaper Indexing and Abstracting Services 138
Other Indexes and Concordances 143
Summary 169

4 Directories 170

Handbooks 172
Bibliographies and Directories of Directories 172
General Directories 173
Specialized Directories 178
Alternative Directories 178
Summary 209

5 Sources of Biographical Information 210

The Nature of Biographical Sources 210
Bibliographies 214
Indexes to Biography 215
International Biographical Sources 225
Current Sources 229
National Biographical Sources 231
Professions 243
Summary 261

6 Sources on Words 262

Why a Dictionary Is Made 263
Unabridged Dictionaries 266
Abridged Dictionaries 275
School Dictionaries 284
Etymological Dictionaries 287
Usage 289
Synonyms and Antonyms 296
Pronunciation 299
Slang 300
Dialect 303
Abbreviations 304
Visual Dictionaries 306
Special Fields 310
Foreign-Language Dictionaries 318
Summary 332

7 Encyclopedias 333

The Making of Encyclopedias 336
Multivolume Adult Encyclopedias 352
Encyclopedia Supplements 362
One-to Three-Volume Encyclopedias 363
Children's and Young Adults' Encyclopedias 367
Electronic Encyclopedias 376
Foreign Encyclopedias 3 78
General Reference Features of Encyclopedias 385

8 Sources of Statistics 386
Statistical Reference Service and Evaluation
of Statistical Sources 387
Terminology 396
General Sources 400
General Collections of Data 407
Subjects 417
Other Types of Statistical Sources 445
Summary 454

9 Sources of Geographical Information 455

General Reference Works 463
Cartographic History and Map Librarianship 474
General World Atlases 481
School Atlases 489
National Maps and Atlases 493
Thematic Maps and Atlases 497
Gazetteers 510
Directories and Encyclopedias 513
Dictionaries of Geographical Terms 518
Travel Guides 519
Acronyms and Initialisms 529

APPENDIX

Guidelines for Particular Types of Reference Works 535

Index 547

List of Illustrations . . ix
Acknowledgments . . xi
ONE Introduction . . 3

Part I. The Demystification of the Party-State
TWO Massacre and Memory: Gdansk and Gdynia . . 1970
THREE The Three-Day Worker Republic: The General Strike in Szczecin . . 7
FOUR Gierek: The Road to Confrontation . . 83

Part II. The Anatomy of a Democratic Movement
FIVE The Vanguard versus Workers' Self-Government . . 99
SIX Solidarity at the Grass Roots 115
SEVEN Sacred Politics . . 126
EIGHT The Ideological Origins of Solidarity . . 155
NINE Fashionable Myths and Proletarian Realities . . 169

Notes . . 183
Bibliography . . 223
Index . . 243

ILLUSTRATIONS v
PREFACE vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi

1 Academic Libraries and the Information-
Technology Landscape 1
Where Technology Is Taking Us 1
How We Respond to Change 13
The Changing Role of Librarians 24

2 Designing an "lntelligent Library" 35
Redefining the Intelligent Building 35
Features of an Intelligent Building 41
Respecting the Americans with Disabilities Act 52
Bringing It All Together: The Planning Process 55

3 Building Infrastructure 62
Envisioning a New Building through Computer-
Aided Design 62
In Praise of Flexibility 76
... and Modularity 84
Organizing the Interior Space 88
Networking 102
Special Facilities 107
Building Fabric and Interior Design 112
Creature Comforts and Access 118

4 Furnishing, Equipping, and Staffing the Building 123
Establishing a Budget 123
Quality, Affordability, and the Bidding Process 126
Shelving and Furniture 128
Computer-Related Equipment and Staffing 141
Reorganizing Library Operations 143

5 Occupying and Commissioning the New Building 146

Planning for Opening Day 146
Organizing and Moving 147
Networks, Technology, and Special Facilities 154
Testing the Building 156
Commissioning the Building 161
Operational Policies and Procedures 165
Change: Political Dynamics in a New Building 166
A New Library and the Campus Culture 168

6 The Library as a "Teaching and Learning
Instrument" 171
The Evolving Library 171
Teaching Electronic Research Skills 181
The Teaching Library and Distance Education 192
Copyright and Distance Education 195

7 Academic Libraries at the Millennium 200

APPENDIXES
A ATM Networking and Building Design 211
B Electronic Teaching and Learning Facilities 220

BIBLIOGRAPHY 227

INDEX 245

Acknowledgments vii
Preface ix

Introduction: A Public-service Approach to Public-access

Computers xi

1 What Does a Manager Need to Know About Technology? 1
Kinds of Knowledge: Micro-level and Macro-level 1
Basic Computer Concepts for Managers 4
Further Information 17

2 Facilities 19
Physical Space 19
Electrical Power 20
Furniture 22
Dual-purpose Computer Classroom 34
Facilities Check Questions 36

3 Computer Hardware 41
Microcomputers: Bigger and Faster 41
Other Hardware 49
Acquiring Hardware 56
4 Software 61
System Software 63
Application Software 65
Purchasing Considerations 70
Access to Software: Servers and Hard Drives 75

5 CD-ROM 77
CD-ROM Hardware 79
Providing Access to CD-ROMs 82
Full-text CD-ROM Sets 85
Circulating CD-ROMs 85
Personal CD-ROMs in the Library 86

6 Printing 89
Printer Essentials 89
Types of Printers 90
Networked Versus Non-networked Printers 91
Printer Maintenance and Service 93
Paper 93
Toner and Ink Cartridges 94
Pay to Print 96

7 Working With the Systems Department 103
Improving Communication 105
Reporting Computer Problems 108

8 Security 115
Security Policy 115
Physical Security 117
System Security 122

9 Staffing Issues 139
What Do Public-access Computer Staff Do? 139
Who Staffs Public-access Computers? 140
Part-time Staff 141
Staffing Levels 142
Scheduling Staff 156

10 Communicating With Staff and Staff Training 163
Communicating With Staff 163
Staff Training 173

11 User Relations 191
Communicating With Users 191
Feedback From Users 198
Conflicts With Users 206

Index 215

About the Author 223

Foreword . . xi
Preface . . xiii
Acknowledgments . . xviii

Part I: Essential Background of Copyright Law
1 History and Purpose . . 3
2 Overwiew . . 15
3 Fair Use and Statutory Exceptions for Libraries . . 25
4 Internet Basics . . 41
5 Recent Legislations . . 49

Part II: Applying Copyright to Cyberspace
6 Hyperlinking and Framing . . 59
7 Browsing . . 71
8 Using Digital Images . . 87
9 Understanding Noncopyright Issues . . 97
10 Realizing Legal Liabilities . . 105

Part III: Specific Library Applications
11 Liability and Libraries as Content and Internet Access Providers . . 113
12 Interlibrary Loan and Resource Sharing . . 121
13 Electronic Reserve Systems and Class-Based Web Pages . . 127
14 Library Instruction and Distance Education . . 137
15 Talking a Stand for Libraries and Library Users . . 145

Part IV: Copyright Information Sourcebox

Index . . 261
About the Autor . . 264

Acknowledgments . . xi

1 Introduction . . 1
2 Recommended Statistics . . 6
3 Reommended Composite and Performance Measures . . 28
4 User Assesment . . 38
5 Managing Data Collection and Use . . 50
6 Choosing Electronic Measures: Some Issues Consider . . 62
7 Extending the Use of Statistics and Measures for the Networke Environment . . 75

Appendixes . . 81
References . . 97
Index . . 101

1 Introduction: Background and Acknowledgments 1
2 Why Is Copyright Important to You? 5

Scope of Copyright
3 What Works Are Protected by Copyright? 7
4 Eligibility for Copyright:
What Is an "Original Work of Authorship"? 9
5 Eligibility for Copyright:
What Is "Fixed in a Tangible Medium of Expression"? 11
6 What Works Are Not Protected by Copyright? 13
7 More Works That Cannot Be Copyrighted:
U.S. Government Works 15

Formalities and Duration

8 Formalities of Copyright: Copyright Notice and Registration 17
9 More about the Formalities of Copyright 19
10 How Long Do Copyrights Last? The Duration Question 21
11 How Long Do Copyrights Last? Unpublished Works 24
Owners and Rights
12 Who Owns the Copyright?
The General Rule and Some Exceptions 26
13 Who Owns the Copyright? Joint Copyright Ownership 29
14 Who Owns the Copyright?
Exceptions, Assignment, and Institutional Policies 31
15 The Expanding Rights of Copyright Owners 34
16 Rights of the Copyright Owner:
Reproduction and Distribution 38
17 Rights of the Copyright Owner: Derivative Works 40
18 Rights of the Copyright Owner:
Public Performance and Display 42
19 Exceptions to the Rights of Owners 44

Fair Use

20 Fair Use: What Exactly Is It? 48
21 Learning about Fair Use: Start with the Statute 50
22 The First Two Factors of Fair Use:
Purpose of the Use and Nature of the Copyrighted Work 53
23 The Factors of Fair Use:
Amount of the Work Used and Effect on the Market 55
24 Fair Use in the Courts:
Quoting from Copyrighted Works 58
25 Fair Use in the Courts: Photocopying for Education 61
26 Fair Use in the Courts:
More about Photocopying and Reproduction for Education 63
27 Fair Use and Unpublished Works 66
28 Experimenting with Fair Use:
Moving from Print to the Internet 69
29 Making Sense of Fair Use:
What About Fair-Use "Guidelines"? 72
30 Making Sense of Fair Use:
Fair-Use Guidelines and One University's Response 74

Special Exceptions

31 Displays and Performances in Distance Learning 77
32 Library Copying: A Statutory Provision of Its Own 81
33 Library Copying: Copies to Keep and Copies to Preserve 84
34 Library Copying: Copy Machines in the Library 89
Looking Ahead
35 Copyright and New Technologies: Computer Software 91
36 Copyright and New Technologies:
The World Wide Web 93
37 Requesting Permission from the Copyright Owner 95
38 Liability for Copyright Infringement 97
39 What Is at Stake in an Infringement Action? 100
40 Acting in Good Faith 103

Appendices

1. Introduction . . 1
2. From Cathedral School to University . . 17
3. Games of Philosophers and Astronomers: From the Late Middle Ages to the Renaissance . . 53
4. The Renaissance . . 85
5. Decline and Disappearance . . 123

The Most Noble, Auncient, and Learned Playe (1563) . . 137

Bibliography . . 181
Index . . 199

Editor's Preface . . vii
Preface . . ix
List of Maps . . xi
List of Abbreviations . . xii

Introduction . . 1
 The Pope's reputation and character . . 1
 The sources for the history of the pontificate . . 7

CHAPTER 1 The Pope and the Papacy . . 10
 The forming of Innocent Ill's personality: influences and education . . 10
 Election . . 23
 Coronation . . 27
 The City of Rome . . 29
 The family . . 33
 The Papal Curia . . 37
 The College of Cardinals . . 39
 Conclusion . . 40

CHAPTER 2 Politics, Power and Propaganda . . 49
 Politics . . 49
 Power: the Papal State, Rome and Sicily . . 65
 Economic strength . . 71
 Papal armies . . 77
 Policy . . 80
 The separate kingdoms . . 82
 Propaganda, information and diplomacy . . 87
 Conclusion . . 91

CHAPTER 3 Law and Society . . 94
 Declaration and formation of the law . . 94
 Councils: the Fourth Lateran Council . . 95
 Decretals . . 101
 Bologna: the Law School and productions . . 103
 Clerks and laymen . . 110
 Marriage . . 115
 The Pope as judge: law courts . . 118
 Conclusion . . 122

CHAPTER 4 Authority and Protest: The Christian Life . . 125
 The crisis of the Church . . 125
 Poverty . . 139
 Preaching . . 141
 The Waldenses and the Humiliati . . 143
 The Friars . . 150
 Heresy . . 153
 The Cathars . . 155
 The Albigensian Crusade . . 160
 Conclusion . . 162

CHAPTER 5 The Papacy and the Wider World: The Frontiers of Christendom . . 164
 Jerusalem, the Near East and the crusading idea . . 164
 The Fourth Crusade . . 172
 The Children's Crusade . . 176
 The Spanish Reconquest . . 178
 The Baltic Crusades . . 179
 Sicily . . 182
 England . . 184
 The Greek Church . . 185
 Conclusion . . 187
 Final Assessment

Appendix: Chronology of Innocent III's Pontificate . . 198
General Bibliography . . 201
Maps . . 205
Index . . 214