De Gruyter

Preface . . IX

Stockholm
«The present becomes the past: harvesting, archiving, presenting today's digitally produced newspapers»

Opening address . . 1
Harvesting of online newspapers at the National Library of Sweden . . 3
Newspapers as New Media . . 5
Standards from the other side: An overview of the News Industry Text Format (NITF) and its kin . . 11
The British Library Newspaper Strategy: developing collaboration with publishers to digitise back runs and to ingest born digital newspapers . . 21
Preserving and accessing born digital newspapers. A perspective from California . . 31
The National Library of Singapore's service development model for digitised newspaper content . . 37
Newspapers going digital - in a national infrastructure context . . 45
Closing remarks . . 53

Mozhaisk
«Legal deposit of newspapers for libraries: challenges of the digital environment»

Electronic database of the state bibliography (Russian National Bibliography) . . 55
Work with newspapers at the Russian Book Chamber . . 63
Legal deposit of newspapers - an outlook . . 81
Copyright, access policy, and copyright enforcement for digital newspaper collections . . 91
Newspapers, data formats, and acronym stew: Preservation and distribution of born-digital newspapers using METS/ALTO, NITF, and PDF-A . . 115
Book chambers and national bibliographies in Belarus, Ukraine, and Moldova since 1991 . . 129
Newspaper editions of Chuvashia are the national property . . 135
Status and prospects of processing and storage of mandatory copies of newspapers in the National State Book Chamber of Kazakhstan . . 143
Provision of preservation for digital heritage: problems and solutions . . 153
Legal deposit of newspapers at the British Library: past, present and future . . 161
Newspapers in the state bibliographic system of Belarus . . 173
Bibliotheque nationale de France: Legal deposit of electronic files yielded for printing of newspaper issues; the situation spring 2009 . . 183
Newspaper holdings of the National Book Chamber of the Republic of Moldova . . 197
The BAN newspaper collection: past and present . . 201
Assuring completeness of the newspapers collection: Problems and perspectives. Experience of the Russian State Library . . 213
Newspaper collection of the State Public Historical Library of Russia . . 229
Investigating digital newspaper repositories: Subscription and Open Access models . . 237

Milan
«Newspapers in the Mediterranean and the evolution of the modern state»

«The power of lead» - the role of the nineteenthcentury British Press in keeping the «Italian Question» before 1860 on the British political agenda and in the minds of the British Public . . 253
Les collections de presse a la Bibliotheque Nationale Centrale de Rome: face au defi de la sedimentation et de la transmission d'une memoire collective nationale . . 263
Digitizing the historical periodical collection at the Al-Aqsa Mosque Library in East Jerusalem . . 271
The role of scientific journals following the unification of Italy . . 291

Analytic index to ten volumes of proceedings, IFLA Newspapers Section, 2000-2011 . . 309
Alphabetic index to the contributions in the ten volumes of proceedings of the IFLA Newspapers Section . . 329

Foreword . . 1
Introduction . . 3

Part 1 School Library Education and Implementation Models

A Self-Evaluation Model for School Libraries in Portugal . . 11
Building a Model School Library at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Piyungan in Yogyakarta, Indonesia . . 22
Developing Understanding of Information Literacy within the Croatian School Environment . . 33
Personal Learning Networks and Participatory Culture: Getting Teacher-Librarians Connected in the 21st Century . . 44
A New Operational Culture: The Case of the School Library in the Information Society Project in Oulu, Finland . . 57
Assessing School Library Learning Environments . . 71

Part 2 Promoting Literacies through the School Library

Reading Opens All Doors: An Integrated Reading Program at Genazzano College in Melbourne, Australia . . 85
Fun with Readathon: Helping Namibian Children to Love Books . . 96
Developing Information Literacy through Primary School Libraries in Nigeria . . 108
GigglelT and Global Citizenship: School Libraries, Literacy and Laughter . . 118
'Body in the Library': A Cross-Curriculum Transliteracy Project . . 130
HIV/AIDS Corners in Botswana Schools and Libraries . . 140

Part 3 School Libraries for All

School Libraries and Human Rights . . 153
Camels, Burros, Elephants, Boats and Trucks: Bringing Books and Literacy to Children in Remote Communities . . 159
Botswana's Book Box Service to Primary Schools . . 168
Participation of Croatian School Librarians in Teaching Children with Intellectual Disabilities . . 177
Lubuto Library Project: Bringing Knowledge to Zambian Children . . 188

Part 4 Expanding the Reach of School Libraries through Technology

Providing Web Based Online Reference Resources for Schools: An Alberta Success Story . . 201
The Belgrano Day School Model Project: Using Mobile Technology in a School Library in Argentina . . 212
Information Literacy on the Move: Mobile Learning with Netvibes, R Codes and More . . 223
Web 2.0 and Our School Library at The Hamilton and Alexander College in Victoria, Australia . . 232

Part 5 Government Initiatives for School Library Development

The School Library as a Tool to Empower Literacy and Improve Schools: A Swedish Government Initiative . . 245
Focus on Reading Education and Information Literacy: The Norwegian School Library Program . . 254
Seize the Day! Developing School Libraries in Finland . . 264
A Long Walk to Significant School Libraries for All: Government Policies in Portugal, 1986-2010 . . 278

Part 6 Organizations for School Library Advocacy and Development

ENSIL: Advocacy of School Libraries in the Educational Context . . 287
SLA: Using Evidence to Move Forward . . 299
RuSLA: Policymaker for School Library Development . . 308
IFLA SLRC: Developing Policy and Guidelines . . 319
IASL: Sustaining the Vision for 40 Years . . 325

Afterword . . 334
Index .. 335

Introduction . . 1
The History of Children's Library Design: Continuities and Discontinuities . . 7
Children's Media Culture: A Key to Libraries of the Future? . . 39
A Children's Public Library in Muscat, Oman . . 49
Building Excellent Libraries with and for Children . . 65
Programme: Jacksonville Public Library Children's and Teens' Libraries . . 83
Santiago Public Library: A Challenge for Children and Youth Adults . . 95
The Red Thread in Hjoerring . . 103
"Here you can go everywhere you want, sort of..." Building a New Children's Library . . 117
Children's Spaces From Around the World . . 131
Conclusion . . 143
Author Biographies . . 145

Vorwort . . vii
Einleitung . . xi
Abkürzungen und Siglen
Abkürzungen im Textteil . . xix
Abkürzungen im Kommentarteil . . xix
Siglen . . xxi
Biblische Bücher und deuterokanonische Schriften . . xxiv
Verweise . . xxv
Kritische Zeichen . . xxv
Graphische Signale . . xxvi

Notizbücher
NOTIZBUCH 1 . . 1
NOTIZBUCH 2 . . 91
NOTIZBUCH 3 . . 101
NOTIZBUCH 4 . . 129
NOTIZBUCH 5 . . 183
NOTIZBUCH 6 . . 201
NOTIZBUCH 7 . . 217
NOTIZBUCH 8 . . 237
NOTIZBUCH 9 . . 265
NOTIZBUCH 10 . . 307
NOTIZBUCH 11 . . 331
NOTIZBUCH 12 . . 407
NOTIZBUCH 13 . . 419
NOTIZBUCH 14 . . 461
NOTIZBUCH 15 . . 467

Editorischer Bericht zu Notizbuch 1 . . 489
Kommentar zu Notizbuch 1 . . 497
Editorischer Bericht zu Notizbuch 2 . . 553
Kommentar zu Notizbuch 2 . . 561
Editorischer Bericht zu Notizbuch 3 . . 575
Kommentar zu Notizbuch 3 . . 581
Editorischer Bericht zu Notizbuch 4 . . 599
Kommentar zu Notizbuch 4 . . 605
Editorischer Bericht zu Notizbuch 5 . . 37
Kommentar zu Notizbuch 5 . . 643
Editorischer Bericht zu Notizbuch 6 . . 651
Kommentar zu Notizbuch 6 . . 657
Editorischer Bericht zu Notizbuch 7 . . 673
Kommentar zu Notizbuch 7 . . 679
Editorischer Bericht zu Notizbuch 8 . . 691
Kommentar zu Notizbuch 8 . . 699
Editorischer Bericht zu Notizbuch 9 . . 711
Kommentar zu Notizbuch 9 . . 721
Editorischer Bericht zu Notizbuch 10 . . 731
Kommentar zu Notizbuch 10 . . 753
Editorischer Bericht zu Notizbuch 11 . . 769
Kommentar zu Notizbuch 11 . . 785
Editorischer Bericht zu Notizbuch 12 . . 837
Kommentar zu Notizbuch 12 . . 843
Editorischer Bericht zu Notizbuch 13 . . 857
Kommentar zu Notizbuch 13 . . 865
Editorischer Bericht zu Notizbuch 14 . . 901
Kommentar zu Notizbuch 14 . . 903
Editorischer Bericht zu Notizbuch 15 . . 909
Kommentar zu Notizbuch 15 . . 917

Anhang
Autoren- und Übersetzernachweis . . 925
Konkordanz . . 927
Namen- und Personenregister . . 935
Bibelstellenregister . . 943
Werkregister . . 945
Karten . . 952
Kalender . . 962

Vorwort . . vii

Einleitung . . xi
Zur Geschichte von Kierkegaards literarischem Nachlass . . xii
Zur Charakterisierung des literarischen Nachlasses . . xiv
Zum vorliegenden Band . . xvii

Abkürzungen und Siglen
Abkürzungen im Textteil . . xix
Abkürzungen im Kommentarteil . . xix
Siglen . . xxi
Biblische Bücher und deuterokanonische Schriften . . xxiv
Verweise . . xxv
Kritische Zeichen . . xxv
Graphische Signale . . xxvi

Journale und Aufzeichnungen
JOURNAL NB . . 1
JOURNAL NB2 . . 145
JOURNAL NB3 . . 275
JOURNAL NB4 . . 321
JOURNAL NB5 . . 419

Editorischer Bericht zu NB . . 495
Kommentar zu NB . . 505
Editorischer Bericht zu NB2 . . 569
Kommentar zu NB2 . . 577
Editorischer Bericht zu NB3 . . 633
Kommentar zu NB3 . . 639
Editorischer Bericht zu NB4 . . 663
Kommentar zu NB4 . . 671
Editorischer Bericht zu NB5 . . 715
Kommentar zu NB5 . . 725

Anhang
Autoren- und Übersetzernachweis . . 757
Konkordanz . . 759
Namen- und Personenregister . . 769
Bibelstellenregister . . 773
Werkregister . . 775
Karten . . 780
Kalender . . 786

Acknowledgements . . 7
Preface . . 9
Foreword . . 13
Libraries Driving Access to Knowledge (A2K) . . 17

Part One - User-Oriented A2K Actions
Iceland Goes Digital: Countrywide Access to Electronic Resources . . 37
'Access for All' and 'Politics of Difference': Comparative Case Study of Two European notaries . . 67
Using Web 2.0 to Make Libraries More User-Oriented: Outcomes from a Case Study at Loughborough University Library (UK) . . 93
OA to Knowledge: Perceptions of UWI Researchers on the St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago . . 113

Part Two - Libraries and Lifelong Learning
Native Language Uinvcistiy uigital Textbook Collection . . 141
Balancing Access to Knowledge and Respect for Cultural Knowledge: Librarian Advocacy with Indigenous Peoples' Self-Determination in Access to Knowledge . . 163
Access to Knowledge as a Social Practice: Information Literacy Education for MA Students . . 191

Part Three - Libraries as Space and Place in A2K
The Discursive Construction of the Academic Library as Learning Place in A2K . . 215
A Tale of Two Libraries: Space and Reading in Porto Public Libraries . . 247
University Library Premises: The Evaluation of Customer Satisfaction ana usage . . 289

Part Four - Other A2K Theme Approaches
ILS vs. DBMS in Latin American Web OPACs: Discriminant Analysis Applied to User Interface . . 317
Open Access and A2K: Collaborative Experiences in Latin America . . 343
The Success Story of a Locally Developed Online Video Site: HKBUtube . . 373

Preface . . i
Contents . . iii
List of Figures . . ix
List of Tables . . xix

1 Fundamentals of Biometric Technology . . 1
1.1 Biometric Authentication Technology . . 1
1.2 Some Major Biometric Applications . . 2
1.3 Operational Process of Biometric Technology . . 4
1.4 Biometric Data Indexing . . 7
1.5 Metrics for Performance Measure . . 7
1.6 Biometric Modalities . . 8
1.7 Comparative Study of Different Biometric Modalities . . 13
1.8 Summary . . 21

2 Multimodal Biometric and Fusion Technology . . 33
2.1 Multirnodal Biometric Authentication Technology . . 33
2.2 Fusion of Multimodalities . . 34
2.3 Fusion Levels . . 36
2.4 Different Fusion Rules . . 42
2.5 Comparative Study of Fusion Rule . . 62
2.6 Summary . . 68

3 Biometric Indexing: State-of-the-Art . . 79
3.1 Survey on Iris Biometric Data Indexing . . 79
3.2 Survey on Fingerprint Biometric Data Indexing . . 83
3.3 Survey on Face Biometric Data Indexing . . 94
3.4 Survey on Multimodal Biometric Data Indexing . . 95
3.5 Summary . . 97

4 Iris Biometric Data Indexing . . 111
4.1 Preliminaries of Gabor Filter . . 112
4.2 Preprocessing . . 115
4.3 Feature Extraction . . 117
4.4 Index Key Generation . . 118
4.5 Storing . . 119
4.6 Retrieving . . 124
4.7 Performance Evaluation . . 127
4.8 Comparison with Existing Work . . 141
4.9 Summary . . 143

5 Fingerprint Biometric Data Indexing . . 149
5.1 Preprocessing . . 150
5.2 Feature Extraction . . 157
5.3 Index Key Generation . . 160
5.4 Storing . . 163
5.5 Retrieving . . 173
5.6 Performance Evaluation . . 177
5.7 Comparison with Existing Work . . 195
5.8 Summary . . 199

6 Face Biometric Data Indexing . . 205
6.1 Preprocessing . . 206
6.2 Feature Extraction . . 210
6.3 Index Key Generation . . 218
6.4 Storing . . 220
6.5 Retrieving . . 225
6.6 Performance Evaluation . . 232
6.7 Comparison with Existing Work . . 251
6.8 Summary . . 252

7 Multimodal Biometric Data Indexing . . 257
7.1 Feature Extraction . . 259
7.2 Score Calculation . . 261
7.3 Reference Subject Selection . . 262
7.4 Reference Score Calculation . . 266
7.5 Score Level Fusion . . 267
7.8 Retrieving . . 275
7.9 Rank Level Fusion . . 278
7.10 Performance Evaluation . . 282
7.11 Comparison with Existing Work . . 296
7.12 Summary . . 298

8 Conclusions and Future Research . . 305
8.1 Dimensionality of Index Key Vector . . 305
8.2 Storing and Retrieving . . 308
8.3 Performance of Indexing Techniques . . 310
8.4 Threats to Validity . . 312
8.5 Future Scope of Work . . 315

Index . . 323

Preface . . vii
Notation . . ix

1 What is surface tension? . . 1
1.1 Surface tension and its definition . . 1
1.2 Physical origin of the surface tension of liquids . . 2
1.3 Temperature dependence of the surface tension . . 5
1.4 Surfactants . . 6
1.5 The Laplace pressure . . 6
1.6 Surface tension of solids . . 8
1.7 Values of surface tensions of solids . . 9
Appendix 1A. The short-range nature of intermolecular forces . . 10
Appendix IB. The Laplace pressure from simple reasoning . . 10
Bullets . . 11
References . . 12

2 Wetting of ideal surfaces . . 13
2.1 What is wetting? The spreading parameter . . 13
2.2 The Young equation . . 14
2.3 Wetting of flat homogeneous curved surfaces . . 17
2.4 Line tension . . 19
2.5 Disjoining pressure . . 20
2.6 Wetting of an ideal surface: influence of absorbed liquid layers and the liquid vapor . . 22
2.7 Gravity and wetting of ideal surfaces: a droplet shape and liquid puddles . . 24
2.8 The shape of the droplet and the disjoining pressure . . 27
2.9 Distortion of droplets by an electric field . . 29
2.10 Capillary rise . . 30
2.11 The shape of a droplet wetting a fiber . . 33
2.12 Wetting and adhesion. The Young-Dupre equation . . 35
2.13 Wetting transitions on ideal surfaces . . 36
2.14 How the surface tension is measured? . . 37
2.14.1 The Du Notiy ring and the Wilhelmy plate methods . . 37
2.14.2 The pendant drop method . . 38
2.14.3 Maximum bubble pressure method . . 39
2.14.4 Dynamic methods of measurement of surface tension . . 40
2.15 Measurement of surface tension of solids . . 43
Appendix 2A. Transversality conditions . . 44
Appendix 2B. Zisman plot . . 45
Bullets . . 46
References . . 46

3 Contact angle hysteresis . . 50
3.1 Contact angle hysteresis: its sources and manifestations . . 50
3.2 Contact angle hysteresis on smooth homogeneous substrates . . 52
3.3 Strongly and weakly pinning surfaces . . 53
3.4 Qualitative characterization of the pinning of the triple line . . 57
3.5 The zero eventual contact angle of evaporated droplets and its explanation . . 58
3.6 Contact angle hysteresis and line tension . . 59
3.7 More physical reasons for the contact angle hysteresis on smooth ideal surfaces . . 60
3.8 Contact angle hysteresis on chemically heterogeneous smooth surfaces: the phenomenological approach. hi. Acquaintance with the apparent contact angle . . 61
3.9 The phenomenological approach to the hysteresis of the contact angle developed by Vedantam and Panchagnula . . 62
3.10 The macroscopic approach to the contact angle hysteresis, the model of Joanny and de Gennes . . 63
3.10.1 Elasticity of the triple line . . 63
3.10.2 Contact angle hysteresis in the case of a dilute system of defects . . 66
3.10.3 Surfaces with dense defects and the fine structure of the triple line . . 66
3.11 Deformation of the substrate as an additional source of the contact angle hysteresis . . 68
3.12 How the contact angle hysteresis can be measured . . 69
3.13 Roughness of the substrate and the contact angle hysteresis . . 71
3.14 Use of contact angles tor characterization of solid surfaces . . 71
Appendix 3A. A droplet on an inclined plane . . 73
Bullets . . 75
References . . 75

4 Dynamics of wetting . . 78
4.1 The dynamic contact angle . . 78
4.2 The dynamics of wetting: the approach of Voinov . . 78
4.3 The dynamic contact angle in a situation of complete wetting . . 80
4.4 Dissipation of energy in the vicinity of the triple line . . 82
4.5 Dissipation of energy and the microscopic contact angle . . 83
4.6 A microscopic approach to the displacement of the triple line . . 83
4.7 Spreading of droplets: Tanner's law . . 84
4.8 Superspreading . . 85
4.9 Dynamics of filling of capillary tubes . . 85
4.10 The drag-out problem . . 87
4.11 Dynamic wetting of heterogeneous surfaces . . 88
Bullets . . 89
References . . 90

5 Wetting of rough and chemically heterogeneous surfaces: the Wenzel and Cassie models . . 92
5.1 General remarks . . 92
5.2 The Wenzel model . . 92
5.3 Wenzel wetting of chemically homogeneous curved rough surfaces . . 94
5.4 The Cassie-Baxter wetting model . . 96
5.5 The Israelachvili and Gee criticism of the Cassie-Baxter model . . 97
5.6 Cassie-Baxter wetting in a situation where a droplet partially sits on air . . 98
5.7 The Cassie-Baxter wetting of curved surfaces . . 101
5.8 Cassie-Baxter impregnating wetting . . 101
5.9 The importance of the area adjacent to the trinle line in the wetting of rough and chemically heterogeneous surfaces . . 103
5.10 Wetting of gradient surfaces . . 107
5.11 The mixed wetting state . . 108
5.12 Considering the line tension . . 109
Appendix 5A. Alternative derivation of the Young, Cassie, and Wenzel equations . . 111
Bullets . . 113
References . . 114

6 Superhydrophobicity, superhydrophilicity, and the rose petal effect . . 116
6.1 Superhydrophobicity . . 116
6.2 Superhydrophobicity and the Cassie-Baxter wetting regime . . 117
6.3 Wetting of hierarchical reliefs: approach of Herminghaus . . 119
6.4 Wetting of hierarchical structures: a simple example . . 10
6.5 Superoleophobicity . . 122
6.6 The rose petal effect . . 123
6.7 Superhydrophilicity . . 125
Bullets . . 125
References . . 126

7 Wetting transitions on rough surfaces . . 129
7.1 General remarks . . 129
7.2 Wetting transitions on rough surfaces: experimental data . . 129
7.3 Time-scaling of wetting transitions . . 131
7.4 Origin of the barrier separating the Cassie and Wenzel wetting states: the case of hydrophobia surfaces . . 132
7.4.1 The composite wetting state . . 132
7.4.2 Energy barriers and Cassie, Wenzel, and Young contact angles . . 134
7.5 Critical pressure necessary for wetting transition . . 137
7.6 Wetting transitions and de-pinning of the triple line; the dimension of a wetting transition . . 138
7.7 The experimental evidence for the ID scenario of wetting transitions . . 141
7.8 Wetting transitions on hydrophilic surfaces . . 142
7.8.1 Cassie wetting of inherently hydrophilic surfaces: criteria for gas entrapping . . 142
7.8.2 Origin of the energetic barrier separating Cassie and Wenzel wetting regimes on hydrophilic surfaces . . 143
7.8.3 Surfaces built of ensembles of balls . . 146
7.9 Mechanisms of wetting transitions: the dynamics . . 147
Bullets . . 148
References . . 149

8 Electrowetting and wetting in the presence of external fields . . 152
8.1 General remarks . . 152
8.2 Electro wetting . . 152
8.3 Wetting in the presence of external fields: a general case . . 153
Bullets . . 155
References . . 155

9 Nonstick droplets . . 156
9.1 General remarks . . 156
9.2 Leidenfrost droplets . . 156
9.3 Liquid marbles . . 158
9.3.1 What are liquid marbles? . . 158
9.3.2 Liquid marble/support interface . . 160
9.3.3 Liquid marble/vapor interface . . 161
9.3.4 Effective surface tension of liquid marbles . . 161
9.3.5 Scaling laws governing the shape of liquid marbles . . 162
9.3.6 Properties of liquid marbles: the dynamics . . 163
9.3.7 Actuation of liquid marbles with electric and magnetic fields . . 164
9.3.8 Applications of liquid marbles . . 165
9.4 Nonstick drops bouncing a fluid bath . . 165
Bullets . . 166
References . . 166

Index . . 169