Illustrations . . vii
Preface . . ix
Introduction . . 1

1. Flight to the Land of Oz . . 9
   Blackmail, Arrest, and Jail . . 9
   Flight to Italy and China . . 13
   Flight of the Imagination . . 17

2. The Exotic Appeal of Chinese Boy-Actors . . 25
   The Rise and Fall of the Boy-Actor Aesthetic . . 25
   European Men and Chinese Boy-Actors . . 32
   Same-Sex Male Love in China . . 37

3. Establishing Friendships in Imperial China . . 41
   "A Very Human Affection, and Contrary to Religious Detachment" . . 41
   "The Greatest Affliction of My Long and Agitated Life" . . 46

4. Establishing Friendships in Post-1911 China . . 55
   Friends from Afar . . 55
   The Search for Boys . . 61
   Mixing Boys and Politics . . 64
   Friends but Not Lovers . . 69
   Special Friends . . 73

5. Establishing Intellectual Connections with China . . 75
   The Persistent Rumor . . 75
   The Eccentric Sinologist . . 80
   Foreign Expatriates and Chinese Intellectuals . . 89
   Virgil and an Unfinished Poem . . 101

6. The Reorientation of Western Aesthetics . . 109
   French Homoeroticism . . 109
   Moving the Muse of Poetry from Europe to China . . 114
   Moving the Muse of Popular Verse and Drama from Europe to China . . 122
   Bringing Chinese Art to the American Heartland . . 131

Epilogue . . 137
Notes . . 141
Chinese Character Glossary . . 167
Bibliography . . 173
Index . . 185
About the Author . . 199

Introduction . . xvii

I. PRE-TANG DYNASTY . . 1
II.TANG DYNASTY . . 25
III. SONG DYNASTY . . 125
IV. YUAN DYNASTY . . 221
V. MING DYNASTY . . 243
VI. QING DYNASTY . . 285
VII. REPUBLIC OF CHINA . . 311
VIII. TEMPLE COUPLETS . . 339

List of Authors and Calligraphers . . 357
List of Titles and First Lines . . 360
Glossary . . 369

Preface . . ix
Prelude . . xi

DAUGHTER OF CHINA
1. Growing Up in the City of Sunshine . . 3
2. Child of the Tiger Dad . . 9
3. "Make Me an Extraordinary Child!" . . 17
4. Tough Love at Home . . 25
5. Peking University . . 35
6. The Cost of Love . . 43
7. A Dream and a Nightmare . . 51
9. Resolutions . . 69

TIANANMEN SQUARE, 1989
10. Night at Xinhua Gate . . 79
11. Searching for Feng . . 89
12. The Funeral for Hu Yaobang . . 93
13 Dawn of New Beginnings . . 101
14. The Dong Luan Verdict . . 111
15. Secret Meeting . . 119
16. Hunger Strike . . 129
17. Solidarity . . 139
18. The Great Wave . . 145
19. Martial Law . . 153
20. Defending Tiananmen Square . . 161
21. Last Will and Testament . . 173
22. The Last Stand . . 183

FAREWELL TO BEIJING
23. On the Run . . 197
24. Chinas Most Wanted . . 207
25. Escape to Hong Kong . . 215
26. The Meaning of Freedom . . 223
27. The New World . . 231

THE AMERICAN DREAM MEETS CHINESE REALITY
28. Life After Tiananmen . . 241
29. American Dream . . 249
30. Culture Shock . . 257
31. True Love . . 265
32. Wrestling with the Past . . 275

FREEDOM CALLING
33. Finding Freedom . . 285
34. All Girls Allowed . . 295
35. Sacred Spaces . . 305
36. Overcoming Darkness (Moving into the Light) . . 315  
37. The Face of Jesus . . 325

Notes . . 333
Acknowledgments . . 335

List of Illustrations and Tables . . ix
Preface . . xi

Introduction: From "Tank Man" to China's New Patriots . . 1
1. Historical Memory, Identity, and Politics . . 17
2. Chosen Glory, Chosen Trauma . . 39
3. From "All-Under-Heaven" to a Nation-State: National Humiliation and Nation Building . . 71
4. From Victor to Victim: The Patriotic Education Campaign . . 95
5. From Vanguard to Patriot: Reconstructing the Chinese Communist Party . . 119
6. From Earthquake to Olympics: New Trauma, New Glory . . 143
7. Itemory, Crises, and Foreign Relations . . 163
8. Memory, Textbooks, and Sino-Japanese Reconciliation . . 203
9. Memory, Nationalism, and China's Rise . . 221

Acknowledgments . . 243
Notes . . 245
Bibliography . . 267
Index . . 279