Acknowledgments . . xi

Introduction: The Threat of Declining Birth Rates . . 1
1 Swedish Population Policy: The Pronatalism of the Left . . 21
2 Demography in France: From National Security to Family-Work Reconciliation . . 42
3 Italy: The Absence of Policy . . 70
4 Japan: The Politics of Position Taking . . 90
5 Singapore: The Failure of Activism . . 111
Conclusion: Can Government Policy Reverse Declining Birth Rates? . . 131

Notes . . 147
Index . . 165