List of tables . . ix
About the author . . xi
List of acronyms . . xiii

Part I - Background information . . 1
1 Introduction . . 3
2 Examples of successful open access journals . . 23

Part II - Crafting a new open access journal . . 47
3 Journal planning issues . . 49
4 Hosting and data systems . . 71
5 By-laws, policies and other journal documentation . . 91
6 Resources and financing . . 111
7 Disseminating the content of your journal . . 127

Part III - Maintaining and operating an open access journal . . 143
8 Launching the journal . . 145
9 Maintaining and sustaining an OA journal . . 157
10 Concluding remarks . . 181

References . . 183
Index . . 189

Biographical Preface . . vii
Introduction . . xi
Note on the Text . . xxvi
Select Bibliography . . xxviii
A Chronology of Virginia Woolf . . xxxiii

SELECTED ESSAYS
The Decay of Essay-Writing . . 3
Modern Fiction . . 6
The Modern Essay . . 13
How it Strikes a Contemporary . . 23
Mr Bennett and Mrs Brown . . 32
Character in Fiction . . 37
'Impassioned Prose' . . 55
How Should One Read a Book? . . 63
Poetry, Fiction and the Future . . 74
Craftsmanship . . 85

LIFE-WRITING
The New Biography . . 95
On Being Ill . . 101
Leslie Stephen . . 111
The Art of Biography . . 116

WOMEN AND FICTION
The Feminine Note in Fiction . . 127
Women Novelists . . 129
Women and Fiction . . 132
Professions for Women . . 140
Memories of a Working Women's Guild . . 146
Why? . . 160

LOOKING ON
Thunder at Wembley . . 169
The Cinema . . 172
Street Haunting: A London Adventure . . 177
The Sun and the Fish . . 188
The Docks of London . . 193
Oxford Street Tide . . 199
Evening over Sussex: Reflections in a Motor Car . . 204
Flying over London . . 207
Why Art Today Follows Politics . . 213
Thoughts on Peace in an Air Raid . . 216

Explanatory Notes . . 221

Préface . . 7
Avant-propos . . 9
Abréviations . . 11
Introduction . . 19
Hénoch dans la Bible et la littérature juive et chrétienne ancienne . . 21

Les fragments du Livre d'Hénoch à Qumrân . . 51
4Q201 . . 61
4Q201 1 a . . 69
4Q201 1 b . . 89
4Q201 1 c i . . 107
4Q201 1 c ii . . 173
4Q201 1 d . . 229
4Q201 1 e . . 231
4Q201 1 f . . 249
4Q201 1 t . . 265
4Q201 1 g . . 277
4Q201 1 h . . 287
4Q201 1 i . . 295
4Q201 1 j . . 297
4Q201 1 k . . 309
4Q201 1 l . . 319
4Q201 1 m . . 327
4Q201 1 n . . 331
4Q201 1 o . . 333
4Q201 1 p . . 347
4Q201 1 q . . 353
4Q201 1 r . . 365
4Q201 1 s . . 377
4Q201 1 u . . 385
4Q201 2 . . 389
4Q201 3 . . 401
4Q201 4 . . 405
4Q201 5 . . 407
4Q201 6 . . 409
4Q201 7 . . 411
4Q201 8 . . 415
L'araméen de 4Q201 . . 423
4Q201 et le Livre d'Hénoch . . 455

Conclusion . . 487
Bibliographie sélective . . 491
Concordances . . 511
Index . . 583

Geleitwort . . 9
Vorwort . . 11

Gründung und Entfaltung. Die spätmittelalterliche Universität Leipzig 1409-1539
I. Die europäische Universität - Erbe des Mittelalters . . 21
II. Leipzigs Wurzeln - Die Universität Prag von den Anfangen bis zum Beginn der Hussitischen Revolution (1348-1409) . . 35
III. Die Gründung des Leipziger Generalstudiums 1409 . . 55
IV. Verfassung und Ordnung der Universität - Nationen, Fakultäten, Rektoren, Ämter . . 80
V. Institutionen der Universität - Kollegien, Bursen, Bibliotheken, Finanzierung . . 105
VI. „universitas studii Lipsiensis" - Studenten, Magister, Professoren . . 139
VII. Die Artistenfakultät - Lehrbetrieb und geistiges Leben im Zeichen der Scholastik . . 174
VIII. Die höheren Fakultäten - Theologie, Jurisprudenz, Medizin . . 218
IX. Eine neue geistige Strömung - Der Frühhumanismus . . 257
X. Die Universität Leipzig zwischen Territorium, Stadt und Kirche . . 269
XI. Von der Reform zur Reformation - Leipzig als altgläubige Universität unter Herzog Georg (1500-1539) . . 301
XII. Ausblick - Die Universität Leipzig im Kontext der mitteldeutschen Bildungslandschaft des späten Mittelalters . . 321

Weichenstellung für die Neuzeit. Die Universität Leipzig zwischen Reformation und Dreißigjährigem Krieg 1539-1648/1660
I. Humanismus, Reformation und Reformen - Der schwierige Neuanfang in Leipzig . . 331
II. Territorialisierung, Philippismus und lutherische Konfessionalität - Wege und Umwege zur großen Universitätsordnung von 1580 . . 392
III. Aufbruch, Stagnation und universitäre Überlebensräson - Im Schatten des langen Krieges . . 447
IV. „Te deum laudamus" - Die Universität Leipzig nach dem Ende des Krieges zwischen Kontinuität und Neuordnung . . 486
V. Die Alma mater Lipsiensis im Kontext der alteuropäischen Universitätsentwicklung - Eine Zwischenbilanz in zehn Thesen . . 508

Anfange der modernen Wissenschaften. Die Universität Leipzig vom Zeitalter der Aufklärung bis zur Universitätsreform 1650-1830/31
I. Das Umfeld der Universität - Sachsen und die Stadt Leipzig . . 521
II. Die Alma mater Lipsiensis und die deutschen Universitäten im Zeitalter der Aufklärung . . 554
III. Die äußeren Geschicke der Universität . . 559
IV. Die Verfassung der Universität zwischen Stagnation und Willen zur Reform . . 583
V. Der Leipziger Student - Galan oder Pauper? . . 594
VI. Lehrkräfte . . 625
VII. Bibliotheken, Sammlungen, Forschungsreisen, Sozietäten . . 647
VIII. Der Lehrbetrieb - Disputationen, Vorlesungen, Prüfungen . . 671
IX. Entwicklung der wissenschaftlichen Fächer . . 688
Resümee und Ausblick . . 771

ANHANG
Abkürzungen und Siglen . . 775
Literaturverzeichnis . . 777
Autorenverzeichnis . . 841
Personenregister . . 843
Abbildungsverzeichnis . . 859

Introduction . . 9
Discours inaugurai de la première session du congrès . . 13
On thE ineffìciency of bureaucracy . . 15
Les archives judiciaires égyptiennes: la mémoire du crime et l'oubli du criminel . . 31
Le passe, le présent et le future des archives d'Illahoun. Méthodes, résultats et perspectives de recherche . . 45
Using administrative archives in pharaonic Times . . 61
Un dossier testamentaire provenant d'archives privées? Naunakhte et la langue du testament a l'époque ramesside . . 71
The discovery of the tomb of Mose and its «juridical» inscription . . 83
La terminologie concernant les archives dans les textes du Nouvel Empire . . 103
Due «archivi» coevi a confronto: Deir el-Medina e Ugarit . . 115
La piace des scribes des temples dans l'administration lagide du troisième siècle. Confrontation des archives papyrologiques et de la documentation épigraphique . . 127
Exécuter et surveiller: le ròle du basilicogrammate dans les archives de l'Héracléopolite au premier siècle av. J.-C. . . 143
Des lésones en action dans le temple de Soknopaios a Soknopaiou Nésos a l'époque ptolémaique . . 157
Le préfet d'Égypte et le fonctionnement des archives publiques . . 169
Contenu et intérét historique des archives du conseil municipal d'Hermoupolis sous Gallien . . 187
Performativité du nom divin en Égypte de l'Antiquité a nos jours . . 197

Preface . . ix
List of abbreviations . . xi
Table of cases . . xiv
Table of legislation . . xxiii

Introduction and methodology  . . 1
1. Identification of the criterion determining adequate database protection . . 9

PART I THE PROTECTION OF DATABASES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
2. The protection of databases by the sui generis right . . 43
3. The protection of databases by unfair competition in Europe . . 150
4. The protection of databases by contract in Europe . . 174
5. The protection of databases by technological measures and anticircumvention provisions in Europe . . 191

PART II THE UNITED STATES
6. The protection of databases by unfair competition in the United States . . 225
7. The protection of databases by contract in the United States . . 234
8. The protection of databases by technological measures and anticircumvention provisions in the United States . . 238

PART III PROPOSAL FOR AN ADEQUATE DATABASE PROTECTION
9. Intellectual property, unfair competition or restitution? . . 249
10. Remedies for over- and under-protection and proposed database protection model . . 271

Conclusion and outlook . . 300
Bibliography . . 303
Annex . . 330
Index . . 349

1. In Defence of Scientism . . 1
2. Scientific Realism, Constructive Empiricism, and Structuralism . . 66
3. Ontic Structural Realism and the Philosophy of Physics . . 130
4. Rainforest Realism and the Unity of Science . . 190
5. Causation in a Structural World . . 258
6. Conclusion—Philosophy Enough . . 298

References . . 311
Index . . 339

Introduction . . vii
Note on the Text . . xxv
Select Bibliography . . xxvi
A Chronology ofH. W. Fowler . . xxviii

A DICTIONARY OF MODERN ENGLISH USAGE

Appendix: Fowler's Pronunciation Preferences . . 743
Notes on the Entries . . 745

Preface and Acknowledgments . . ix
Contributors . . xiii  

Chapter 1. Introduction: The WIPO Development Agenda and Its Development Policy Context . . 1

I. THE DEVELOPMENT AGENDA AND THE INTERNATIONAL IP TREATY REGIME
Chapter 2. The Development Agenda at WIPO: Context and Origins . . 33
Chapter 3. TRIPS 3.0: Policy Calibration and Innovation Displacement . . 51

II. THE DEVELOPMENT AGENDA IN HISTORICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT
Chapter 4. The WIPO Development Agenda in an Historical and Political Context . . 79
Chapter 5. The Politics of Intellectual Property Reform in Developing Countries: The Relevance of the World Intellectual Property Organization . . 111

III. THE DEVELOPMENT AGENDA: CAUTIONARY NOTES FROM TWO DIRECTIONS
Chapter 6. History Lessons for the WIPO Development Agenda . . 137
Chapter 7. The WIPO Development Agenda: A Cautionary Note . . 163

IV. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND DEVELOPMENT: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Chapter 8. What Direction Is the Wind Blowing? Protection of DRM in China . . 177
Chapter 9. Are National Patent Laws the Blossoming Rains? Evidence from Domestic Innovation, Technology Transfers, and International Trade Post Patent Implementations in the Period 1978-2002 . . 191
Chapter 10. Historical Perspectives on Patent Systems in Economic Development . . 215

V. ACCESS TO MEDICINE
Chapter 11. Expanding Patent Rights in Pharmaceuticals: The Linkage between Patents and Drug Registration . . 247
Chapter 12. Is Product Patent Protection Necessary to Spur Innovation in Developing Countries? R&D by Indian Pharmaceutical Companies After TRIPS . . 265
Chapter 13. IPRs and Technological Development in Pharmaceuticals: Who Is Patenting What in Brazil After TRIPS? . . 293

VI. CULTURAL INDUSTRIES
Chapter 14. The Production of Knowledge, Innovation, and IP in Developing Countries: Creative Industries and the Development Agenda . . 321
Chapter 15. Arab Musiconomics, Culture, Copyright, and the Commons . . 341
Chapter 16. Trading Copyright: Global Pressure on Local Culture . . 363

VII. INDUSTRY STRUCTURE, INNOVATION, AND ACCESS
Chapter 17. Antitrust, Patents, and Developing Nations . . 401
Chapter 18. Innovation, Competition Policies, and Intellectual Property: An Evolutionary Perspective and Its Policy Implications . . 429

VIII. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND DEVELOP!NC-COUNTRY CITIZENS' FREEDOM
Chapter 19. Intellectual Property and Development as Freedom . . 453
Chapter 20. Contours of an International Instrument on Limitations and Exceptions . . 473

Index . . 499

List of illustrations . . x
List of tables . . xi
Table of cases . . xii
Table of UK statutes . . xx
Table of UK statutory instruments . . xxiii
Table of European Communities legislation and documents . . xxiv
Table of foreign statutes . . xxvi
Table of treaties and conventions . . xxix
Acknowledgements . . xxx
List of abbreviations . . xxxi

1. Introduction . . 1
2. The concepts of fairness . . 4
2.1 Introduction . . 4
2.2 Definition of fairness in dispute resolution . . 5
2.3 Process values and forms of procedural justice . . 8
2.4 Due process . . 13
2.5 The difference principle: counter-balancing existing inequalities . . 14
2.6 The inherent conflict between due process and effectiveness . . 17
2.7 Conclusion . . 18
3. Internet disputes . . 19
3.1 Introduction . . 19
3.2 Characteristics of the Internet . . 19
3.3 Examples of Internet disputes . . 26
3.4 Contract and tort . . 28
3.5 Power in dispute resolution . . 29
3.6 Definition of relevant disputes in respect of the parties . . 32
3.7 Definition of relevant disputes in respect of the size of the claim . . 37
3.8 Chargebacks and refunds by payment service providers . . 38
3.9 The jurisdictional challenge of the Internet . . 44
3.10 Conclusion . . 45
4. ADR and applicable law . . 47
4.1 Introduction . . 47
4.2 ADR . . 48
4.3 Applicable law . . 60
4.4 Conclusion . . 73
5. ODR and access . . 74
5.1 Introduction . . 74
5.2 Definition of ODR . . 74
5.3 Forms of ODR . . 75
5.4 Technologies used . . 78
5.5 Transformative power of ODR . . 86
5.6 Conclusion . . 90
6. Arbitration and due process . . 91
6.1 Introduction . . 91
6.2 Sources of legal due process . . 91
6.3 Impartiality and independence in adjudication . . 112
6.4 Fair hearing . . 130
6.5 Duty to give reasons . . 140
6.6 Transparency versus confidentiality . . 144
6.7 Right of appeal / judicial review of arbitration awards . . 160
6.8 Conclusion . . 167
7. Internet disputes and fair arbitration . . 169
7.1 Introduction . . 169
7.2 Legal controls on the use of arbitration clauses in consumer contracts . . 171
7.3 UDRP as a model for ODR . . 186
7.4 Proportionate model of dispute resolution . . 214
7.5 Conclusion . . 218
8. A model of dispute resolution for the Internet . . 220
8.1 Introduction . . 220
8.2 Bringing the parties to arbitration . . 221
8.3 Standards for online arbitration of Internet disputes - findings from previous chapters . . 238
8.4 Implementation of the standards . . 244
8.5 Proportionality, costs and state funding . . 249
8.6 The model: resolution of Internet disputes . . 254
8.7 Conclusion . . 260
8.8 Recommendations . . 261

Bibliography . . 264
Index . . 274