American Library Association

Introduction . . vii
How to Use This Book . . ix

Part I Concepts . . 3
Part II Building a Staff Development Program . . 17
Part III Developing Your Staff . . 49
Part IV Making the Most of Trainers . . 107
Part V Designing Instructional Programs . . 125
Part VI Ensuring Success . . 149
Part VII Resources . . 165

Contributors . . 183
Index . . 191

Preface fx

1 The Nature of Reference and Information Service 1
Definitions 2
Search 9
What Is a "Reference Source"? 12
What Is a "Fundamental" Reference Source? 13
Guides to Reference Sources 15
Current Reviewing Sources 18
Evaluation of Reference Sources 19

2 Sources of Bibliographic Information 21
Definitions 25
Library Catalogs 31
National Library Catalogs 33
Union Catalogs 40
National Book Bibliographies 43
Bibliographies of Other Publications
and of Audiovisual Materials 58
Subject Bibliographies 87
Selection Aids 93
Current Selection Tools 97
Bibliographies of Bibliographies 99
Summary 102

3 Indexing and Abstracting Services 103
General Periodical Indexing and
Abstracting Services 106
Citation Indexes 118
Table of Contents Services 119
Subject Indexes to Periodicals 122
Newspaper Indexing and Abstracting Services 138
Other Indexes and Concordances 143
Summary 169

4 Directories 170

Handbooks 172
Bibliographies and Directories of Directories 172
General Directories 173
Specialized Directories 178
Alternative Directories 178
Summary 209

5 Sources of Biographical Information 210

The Nature of Biographical Sources 210
Bibliographies 214
Indexes to Biography 215
International Biographical Sources 225
Current Sources 229
National Biographical Sources 231
Professions 243
Summary 261

6 Sources on Words 262

Why a Dictionary Is Made 263
Unabridged Dictionaries 266
Abridged Dictionaries 275
School Dictionaries 284
Etymological Dictionaries 287
Usage 289
Synonyms and Antonyms 296
Pronunciation 299
Slang 300
Dialect 303
Abbreviations 304
Visual Dictionaries 306
Special Fields 310
Foreign-Language Dictionaries 318
Summary 332

7 Encyclopedias 333

The Making of Encyclopedias 336
Multivolume Adult Encyclopedias 352
Encyclopedia Supplements 362
One-to Three-Volume Encyclopedias 363
Children's and Young Adults' Encyclopedias 367
Electronic Encyclopedias 376
Foreign Encyclopedias 3 78
General Reference Features of Encyclopedias 385

8 Sources of Statistics 386
Statistical Reference Service and Evaluation
of Statistical Sources 387
Terminology 396
General Sources 400
General Collections of Data 407
Subjects 417
Other Types of Statistical Sources 445
Summary 454

9 Sources of Geographical Information 455

General Reference Works 463
Cartographic History and Map Librarianship 474
General World Atlases 481
School Atlases 489
National Maps and Atlases 493
Thematic Maps and Atlases 497
Gazetteers 510
Directories and Encyclopedias 513
Dictionaries of Geographical Terms 518
Travel Guides 519
Acronyms and Initialisms 529

APPENDIX

Guidelines for Particular Types of Reference Works 535

Index 547

PREFACE . . v

PART I - PLANNING THE EVALUATION OF REPERENCE SERVICES . . 1
1 Purpose of the Evaluation . . 1
2 Evaluation Goals and Objectives . .  8

PART II - SELECTING APPROPRIATE EVALUATION METHODS . . 13
3 Characteristics of Good Measures . . 13
4 Surveys and Questionnaires . . 19
5 Observation . . 50
6 Individual Interviews and Focus Group Interviews . . 69
7 Case Studies . . 86

PART III - COLLECTING, ANALYZING, AND COMMUNICATING STUDY DATA AND RESULTS . . 98
8 Data Analysis . . 98
9 The Evaluation Report and Reference Service Effectiveness . . 106

PART IV - REPERENCE ASSESSMENT ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY . . 113
Chapter 1: Purpose of the Evaluation . . 114
Chapter 2: Evaluation Goals and Objectives . . 131
Chapter 3: Characteristics of Good Measures . . 134
Chapter 4: Surveys and Questionnaires . . 144
Chapter 5: Observation . . 168
Chapter 6: Focus Groups and Interviews . . 191
Chapter 7: Case Studies . . 198

CONTRIBUTORS . . 215
INDEX . . 219

ILLUSTRATIONS v
PREFACE vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi

1 Academic Libraries and the Information-
Technology Landscape 1
Where Technology Is Taking Us 1
How We Respond to Change 13
The Changing Role of Librarians 24

2 Designing an "lntelligent Library" 35
Redefining the Intelligent Building 35
Features of an Intelligent Building 41
Respecting the Americans with Disabilities Act 52
Bringing It All Together: The Planning Process 55

3 Building Infrastructure 62
Envisioning a New Building through Computer-
Aided Design 62
In Praise of Flexibility 76
... and Modularity 84
Organizing the Interior Space 88
Networking 102
Special Facilities 107
Building Fabric and Interior Design 112
Creature Comforts and Access 118

4 Furnishing, Equipping, and Staffing the Building 123
Establishing a Budget 123
Quality, Affordability, and the Bidding Process 126
Shelving and Furniture 128
Computer-Related Equipment and Staffing 141
Reorganizing Library Operations 143

5 Occupying and Commissioning the New Building 146

Planning for Opening Day 146
Organizing and Moving 147
Networks, Technology, and Special Facilities 154
Testing the Building 156
Commissioning the Building 161
Operational Policies and Procedures 165
Change: Political Dynamics in a New Building 166
A New Library and the Campus Culture 168

6 The Library as a "Teaching and Learning
Instrument" 171
The Evolving Library 171
Teaching Electronic Research Skills 181
The Teaching Library and Distance Education 192
Copyright and Distance Education 195

7 Academic Libraries at the Millennium 200

APPENDIXES
A ATM Networking and Building Design 211
B Electronic Teaching and Learning Facilities 220

BIBLIOGRAPHY 227

INDEX 245

Foreword . . xi
Preface . . xiii
Acknowledgments . . xviii

Part I: Essential Background of Copyright Law
1 History and Purpose . . 3
2 Overwiew . . 15
3 Fair Use and Statutory Exceptions for Libraries . . 25
4 Internet Basics . . 41
5 Recent Legislations . . 49

Part II: Applying Copyright to Cyberspace
6 Hyperlinking and Framing . . 59
7 Browsing . . 71
8 Using Digital Images . . 87
9 Understanding Noncopyright Issues . . 97
10 Realizing Legal Liabilities . . 105

Part III: Specific Library Applications
11 Liability and Libraries as Content and Internet Access Providers . . 113
12 Interlibrary Loan and Resource Sharing . . 121
13 Electronic Reserve Systems and Class-Based Web Pages . . 127
14 Library Instruction and Distance Education . . 137
15 Talking a Stand for Libraries and Library Users . . 145

Part IV: Copyright Information Sourcebox

Index . . 261
About the Autor . . 264

Acknowledgments . . xi

1 Introduction . . 1
2 Recommended Statistics . . 6
3 Reommended Composite and Performance Measures . . 28
4 User Assesment . . 38
5 Managing Data Collection and Use . . 50
6 Choosing Electronic Measures: Some Issues Consider . . 62
7 Extending the Use of Statistics and Measures for the Networke Environment . . 75

Appendixes . . 81
References . . 97
Index . . 101

Figures . . v
Preface . . vii

1 On Becoming a Manager . . 1
2 The Changing Environment for Middle Managers . . 7
3 New Roles for Middle Managers . . 17
4 Taking Charge of Your Department . . 30
5 Mentoring and Managing Professionals . . 41
6 Planning Skills . . 53
7 Decision-Making Skills . . 64
8 Communication Skills . . 77
9 Structuring Your Department: From Bureaucracies to Teams . . 85
10 Putting It All Together . . 93

Index . . 99