Cornell University Press

List of Illustrations . . ix
Preface . . xv
Acknowledgments . . xix
Abbreviations . . xxi
Glossary of Key Manuscript Terminology . . xxiii
Note on Transcriptions and Transcription Symbols . . xxxi

THE FRONT PLATES: Transcriptions, Scripts, and Descriptive Analysis for Learning to Read Literary Texts on the Manuscript Page . . 1
HOW TO TRANSCRIBE MIDDLE ENGLISH . . 2
Bare Essentials 1: A Transcription Is Not an Edition . . 4

INTRODUCTION: The Order of the Plates and Scripts Most Commonly Found in Middle English Literary Texts . . 6
1. The Land of Cokaygne (London, British Library, MS Harley 913) . . 8
2. "Ihesu Swete" (Chicago, IL, Newberry Library, MS 31) . . 11
3. The Pricke of Conscience (Chicago, IL, Newberry Library, MS 32.9) . . 13
4. Chaucer's "Cook's Tale" (Hg) (Aberystwyth, National Library of Wales, Peniarth MS 392D, Hengwrt MS 154) . . 16
5. Chaucer's "Cook's Tale" (Cp) (Oxford, Corpus Christ! College, MS 198) . . 16
6. Omnisptantacio (formerly 'Ihe Clergy May Not Hold Property) (San Marino, CA, Huntington Library, MS HM 503) . . 20
7. Hoccleve 's "Chanceon to Somer" and Envoy to Regiment des Princes (San Marino, CA, Huntington Library, MS HM 111) . . 23
8. Langland, Piers Plowman (Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Douce 104) . . 26
9. Sir Degrevant (Cambridge, University Library, MS Ff.i.6, Findern MS) . . 29
10. Wisdom (Washington, DC, Folger Shakespeare Library, MS V.a.354, Macro MS) . . 34

CHAPTER 1. Major Middle English Poets and Manuscript Studies, 1300-1450 . . 39
A Brief Overview of Topics Covered in This Chapter . . 39
I. BL MS Arundel 292, Archaism, and the Preservation of Alliterative Poetry c. 1300-0. 1450 . . 40
II. BL MS Harley 2253 and Principles of Compilatio, or: Why Read the Harley Lyrics in their Natural Habitat? . . 45
Bare Essentials 2: Anglicana Script and Profiling the Individual Scribe . . 48
III. Gawain and the Medieval Reader: The Importance of Manuscript Urctmatiom a Poem We Think We Know . . 56
Bare Essentials 3: Assessing Emendation in a Modem Edition . . 64
IV. The Rise of English Book Production in Ricardian London: Professional Scribes and Langland's Piers Plowman . . 65
Bare Essentials 4: Some Basic Concepts of Editing, Types of Written Standard Middle English, and Scribal Handling of Dialect . . 66
V. Some of the Earliest Attempts to Assemble the Canterbury Tales . . 79
VI. The Scribe Speaks at Last: Hoccleve as Scribe E . . 87

CHAPTER 2. Romancing the Book: Manuscripts for "Euerich Inglische" . . 95
Middle English Romances in the Auchinleck, Thornton, and Findern Manuscripts . . 98
I. Englishing Romance: The Auchinleck Manuscript . . 99
II. Romancing the Gentry Household: Robert Thornton's Homemade Family Library . . 116
Thornton Names in the Lincoln and London Manuscripts . . 126
III. Courting Romance in the Provinces: The Findern Manuscript . . 139

CHAPTER 3. The Power of Images in the Auchinleck, Vernon, Pearl, and Two Piers Plowman Manuscripts . . 153
I. Looking at Medieval Images . . 153
II. The Auchinleck Manuscript . . 158
III. The Vernon Manuscript . . 165
IV. The Pearl Manuscript . . 172
V. Two Piers Plowman Manuscripts and the Ushaw Prick of Conscience . . 189
VI. Conclusion . . 204

CHAPTER 4. Professional Readers at Work: Annotators, Editors, and Correctors in Middle English Literary Texts . . 207
I. Categories of Marginalia: The Annotating and Glossing of Chaucer . . 210
II. The Annotations in Manuscripts of Langland's Piers Plowman . . 223
III. Annotations and Corrections in the Book of Margery Kempe: Cruxes, Controversies, and Solutions . . 234
Appendix on the Red Ink Annotator and Previous Annotators in BL MS Add. 61823 . . 238
IV. The Quiet Connoisseur: The First Annotator(s) of Julian of Norwich's Showings in the Amherst Manuscript (London, British Library, MS Add. 37790) . . 239

CHAPTER 5. Illuminating Chaucer's Ciwterhury Tales: Portraits of the Author and Selected Pilgrim Authors . . 245
I. Introduction . . 245
II. The Decoration and Borders of the Hengwrt and Ellesmere Manuscripts . . 250
III. The Historiated Initial With an Author Portrait: A Further Development of the Hengwrt Tradition . . 254
IV. The Ellesmere Traditions: Illustrated Pilgrim Authors . . 267
V. Conclusion . . 287

CHAPTER 6. "Swete Cordyall" of "Lytterature": Some Middle English Manuscripts from the Cloister . . 291
I. Nourishing the Spirit of Religious Women: Vernacular Texts and Manuscripts . . 293
II. Monastic Manuscripts of Chaucer: Literary Excellence under Religious Rule . . 303
The Contents of London, British Library, MS Harley 7333 . . 307
III. Lots of Lydgate and a Little Hoccleve: Chaucer's Successors in Monastic Hands . . 314
IV. "Sadde Mete" for Mind and Soul: Contemplative and Visionary Texts in the Cloister . . 319
V. Taking it to the Streets: Middle English Drama from the Cloister . . 335

References Cited . . 355
Illustration Credits . . 373
Index of Manuscripts and Incunabula . . 375
General Index . . 379

Acknowledgments . . vii
List of Abbreviations . . ix
1. Corruption: A Window into the State of Postwar Lebanon . . 1
2. Assessing Corruption . . 18
3. Public Institutions and Bureaucratic Organization . . 72
4. The Political Settlement of the Second Republic . . 122
5. The Politics of State-Building and Corruption . . 164
6. Corruption and the Primacy of Politics . . 223
Epilogue . . 242
References . . 251
Index . . 267

Acknowledgments . . vii
Acronyms . . ix

American Biodefense, from Boston to Baghdad . . 1
1. Science and Technology for National Security: Threats, Interests, and Ideas . . 13
2. Stereotypical Neglect of Military Research, Development, and Acquisition for Biodefense . . 36
3. Fatal Assumptions: Military Doctrine . . 71
4. An Unlikely Sponsor? The Rise of Civilian Biodefense . . 102
Biodefense and Beyond: The Influence of Ideas on National Security . . 128

Notes . . 139
Index . . 185

Acknowledgments . . ix

Introduction . . 1
1. Setting the Stage . . 16
2. The Subtle Powers of a Small State . . 46
3. Foreign Policy and Power Projection . . 69
4. The Stability of Royal Autocracy . . 105
5. State Capacity and High Modernism . . 140
6. Qatar's Moment in History . . 165

Notes . . 175
Bibliography . . 201
Index . . 217