Biblioteka Uniwersytecka

HISTORIES OF SOCIAL CONTROL . . 7

I Rebelling Individuals . . 17
"THE CHILD WHO STRIKES HIS OWN FATHER OR MOTHER SHALL BE PUT TO DEATH
Assault and Verbal Abuse of Parents in Swedish and Finnish Counties 1745-1754 . . 19
NAMING PRACTISES AS A SOCIAL CONTROL
The Continuity and Change of Morals in Local Peasant Communities (c. 1850-1960) . . 43
THE CRIME AND PUNISHMENT OF A NINETEENTH-CENTURY FINNISH SERIAL KILLER . . 75

II Community and Discipline . . 85
TO REPORT OR NOT? TO PUNISH OR NOT?
Between Tightening Laws, Old Habits and Loyalty in Early Modern Bavaria . . 87
LEGISLATIVE AND JUDICIAL EFFECTS OF FORBIDDEN SEXUALITY ON ENGAGEMENTS AND MARRIAGES IN LATE NINETEENTH-CENTURY CENTRAL FINLAND . . 107
IMPROVING THE CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY
Agents and Objects of Control in Early Modern Church Visitations . . 127
AN ARROGANT ARRENDATOR AND CONFLICT IN CHURCH RENOVATIONS IN THE MID-EICHTEENTH-CENTURY PARISH OF KOKEMAKI . . 157

III On the Margins of the Society . . 183
WAR, SOLDIERS AND CRIME IN MODERN BRITAIN
Issues for Research . . 185
THE CONTROL OF VAGRANTS AND THE POOR IN FINLAND 1850-1885 . . 207
SHE "TOOK HIM TO TEMPLE LANE, SUBSEQUENTLY HE MISSED HIS MONEY"
Prostitutes and Thieves in Dundee 1865-1925 . . 225

IV The Ultimate Power over Life and Death 257
THE POPE'S SWORD
Early Modern Capital Punishment, Homicide and Cultures of Suffering - Rome in the European Context . . 259
EXECUTIONS IN THE EIGHTEENTH- AND NINETEENTH-CENTURY
Messages, Interpretations, and Reactions . . 299

AMNESTY OR INDIVIDUAL PARDONS?
Presidential Pardon as a Measure to Control Those Punished as a Result of Disciplinary Proceedings in Finland in 1918 . . 323

ABSTRACT . . 351
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS . . 353
INDEX . . 357

Preface . . vii

Chapter 1 Meteorites and their Asteroidal Parent Bodies . . 1
Chapter 2 Extraterrestrial Material and Changes of the Earth's Climate . . 39
Chapter 3 The Diversion and Exploitation of Ice-Rich Neos Using the Solar Collector . . 61
Chapter 4 Radar Characteristics of Asteroid 33342(1998 WT24) . . 79
Chapter 5 Asteroids Dimensions and the Truncated Pareto Distribution . . 95
Chapter 6 Hilda Asteroids in the Jupiter Neighborhood . . 109
Chapter 7 Asteroids Apophis and 1950 DA: 1000 Years Orbit Evolution and Possible Use . . 127

Index . . 169

Foreword . . v
List of Contributors . . vi
Illustration Acknowledgements . . viii

Non-destructive Gemmological Tests for the Identification of Ancient Gems . . 1
A Case Study on Gemstone Origins: Chrysothrix, a Group of Roman Magical Gems . . 4
The Garnet Millennium: the Role of Seal Stones in Garnet Studies . . 10
Lithóis Indikois: Preliminary Characterisation of Garnet Seal Stones from Central and South Asia . . 25
Archaeologies of Magical Gems . . 39
Text, Image and Medium: the Evolution of Graeco-Roman Magical Gemstones . . 50
The Colours of Magical Gems . . 62
Magic and Medicine: Gems and the Power of Seals . . 69
Magical Gems and Classical Archaeology . . 75
Studies on Magical Amulets in the British Museum . . 82
'Grylloi' . . 88
Engraved Gems from Sites with a Military Presence in Roman Palestine: the Cases of Legio and Aelia Capitolina . . 99
Selected Antique Gems from Israel: Excavated Glyptics from Roman-Byzantine Tombs . . 105
Christian Gems from Portugal in Context . . 114
Intaglios and Cameos from Gaul in the 3rd and 4th Centuries AD . . 127
Late Roman Gems from Tilurium in Croatia . . 130
Three Degrees of Separation: Detail Reworking, Type Updating and Identity. Transformation in Roman Imperial Glyptic Portraits in the Round . . 135
Gem Portraits of Soldier-Emperors . . 149
Gods or Mortals - Images on Imperial Portrait Gems, Medallions and Coins in the 3rd Century AD . . 163
Love and Passion: Personal Cameos in Late Antiquity from the Content Collection . . 179
The Belgrade Cameo . . 186
Late Antique and Early Christian Gems: Some Unpublished Examples . . 193
The Argument from Silence: Iconographic Statements of 1981 on Faked Gems Reconsidered . . 208
The Constanza Carnelian and the Development of Crucifixion Iconography in Late Antiquity . . 214
Seals in Transition: their Change of Function and Value in Late Antiquity . . 221
Myth Revisited: the Re-use of Mythological Cameos and Intaglios in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages . . 229
Inscriptions on Portrait Gems and Discs in Late Antiquity (4th to 6th centuries AD): Between Epigraphical Tradition and Numismatic Particularism . . 239
Roman Intaglios Oddly Set: the Transformative Power of the Metalwork Mount . . 248
The Re-use and Re-interpretation of Gemstones in Medieval Hungary . . 257
Reflections on Gems Depicting the Contest of Athena and Poseidon . . 263