Parasitic nematodes of freshwater fishes of Europe

Preface to the first edition . . 8
Preface to the second edition . . 9

INTRODUCTION . . 11

METHODS OF STUDY OF FISH NEMATODES . . 19
Examining fish for nematode parasites . . 19
Fixation and preservation of nematodes . . 21
Examination of nematodes . . 22
En face studies . . 23
Staining and mounting . . 24
Documentation . . 25
Cultivation of fish nematodes . . 25

MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF FISH NEMATODES . . 27

BIONOMY OF FISH NEMATODES . . 37
Reproduction and dispersion of fish nematodes . . 37
  Reproduction . . 37
  Dispersion . . 41
Intermediate host-parasite relationships in fish nematodes . . 47
  Representation of diffrent groups of invertebrates and vertebrates as the intermediate hosts of fish nematodes . . 47
  Specificity of fish nematodes at the intermediate host level . . 49
  Ways of infection and localization in the intermediate host . . 49
  Dependence of the speed of development in the intermediate host on the water temperature . . 51
  The life span of infective larvae in the intermediate host . . 52
  Cases of precocity in larval development in the intermediate host . . 53
  Relation of infections to the body size of the intermediate host and state of its maturity . . 55
  Influence of the mode of life of the intermediate host on the degree of infections and their seasonal changes . . 56
  Effect of nematode infections on the intermediate host . . 58
  Importance of intermediate hosts as a source of infections for the definitive host . . 61
Definitive host-parasite relationships in fish nematodes . . 61
  Classification of hosts of adult nematodes from a viewpoint of their ontogenetic development and a suitability of definitive hosts . . 61
  Mode of infection and migration to the site of localization in the definitive host . . 65
  Rate of development and life span of nematodes in the definitive host . . 68
  Seasonal cycles in maturation . . 69
  Seasonal cycles in occurrence . . 73
  Distribution of nematode infections within fish populations . . 76
  Long-term changes in the populations of fish nematodes . . 82
Paratenic parasitism in fish nematodes . . 84
  Classification of paratenic parasitism . . 84
  Distribution of paratenic parasitism in nematodes maturing in fishes . . 89
Postcyclic parasitism in fish nematodes . . 94
Polyvalent hosts and alternative life cycles in fish nematodes . . 98
Influence of the environment on the species composition of nematodes parasitic in fishes . . 101
  Geographically close populations of nematodes . . 101
  GeographJly distant poulations of nematodes . . 103
  Influence of geographical factor on the composition of the nematode fauna of fishes in the environment . . 106
  Occurrence of nematodes in relation to the character of the environment . . 108

PATHOGEMCITY OF NEMATODES PARASITIZING FISHES . . 111

MOLECULAR STUDIES OF FISH NEMATODES . . 115

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE NEMATODES PARASITIZING EUROPEAN FRESHWATER FISHES . . 119
ADULT NEMATODES . . 119
  Order Enoplida . 120
  Order Ascaridida . . 148
  Order Spirurida . . 237
NEMATODES PARASITIC IN FISHES AS LARVAE . . 472
  Superfamily Trichinelloidea . . 472
  Superfamily Dioctophymatoidea . . 475
  Superfamily Ascaridoidea . . 487
  Superfamily Seuratoidea . . 508
  Superfamily Gnathostomatoidea . . 510
  Superfamily Anguillicoloidea . . 517
  Superfamily Dracunculoidea . . 517
  Superfamily Aproctoidea . . 519
  Superfamily Acuarioidea . . 521

HOST-NEMATODE PARASITE LIST . . 529

References . . 547
Index . . 585