University of Michigan. Museum of Anthropology

Table of Contents

List of Figures . . v
List of Tables . . viii
Foreword . . xi
Acknowledgments . . xiii

PART I: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
1 Introduction . . 3
2 Diagnostics, Lithic Raw Materials and Fracture Patterns . . 13
3 Spatial Distributions and Artifact Refit Patterns . . 25

PART II: FEATURE #1
4 Feature #1 Lithic Artifacts: Tool Blanks and Unifaces . . 39
5 Feature #1 Lithic Artifacts: Bifaces and Tools on Granitic Rocks . . 67
6 Feature #1: Size, Shape and Internal Spatial Distributions . . 101
7 Feature #1: Its Meaning and Significance . . 125
8 Technological Organization: Explaining the Feature #1 Contents . . 137

PART III: OTHER PALEOINDIAN EVIDENCE
9 Paleoindian Artifacts . . 155
10 Feature #2 . . 173

PART IV: THE CROWFIELD SITE: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
11 Summary and Conclusions . . 181

Appendix A. Feature #1: Unifaces and Blank Data . . 185
Appendix B. Feature #1: Fluted Biface Data . . 191
Appendix C. Feature #1: Data on Other Bifaces . . 195

References Cited . . 199

List of Illustrations . . viii
List of Tables . . xi
Preface, by Linda R. Manzanilla and Claude Chapdelaine . . xiii

PART I: MESOAMERICAN EXAMPLES
Introduction: Mesoamerican Domestic Structures, Compounds, and Neighborhoods . . 1
1 Ritual and Social Stratification at Monte Alban, Oaxaca: Strategies from a Household Perspective . . 7
2 Corporate Life in Apartment and Barrio Compounds at Teotihuacan, Central Mexico: Craft Specialization, Hierarchy, and Ethnicity . . 21
3 Household, Workshop, Guild, and Barrio: The Organization of Obsidian Craft Production in a Prehispanic Urban Center . . 43
4 Household, Neighborhood, and Urban Structure in an "Adobe City": Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico . . 67
5 Tikal: Evidence for Ethnic Diversity in a Prehispanic Lowland Maya State Capital . . 89
6 Maya Home Life: Daily Practice, Politics, and Society in Copan, Honduras . . 105
7 Beyond Capitals and Kings: Domestic Organization and Ethnic Dynamics at Chac-Sayil, Yucatan . . 131

PART II: ANDEAN EXAMPLES
Introduction to Andean Examples . . 151
8 Residence and Ritual in Tiwanaku: Hierarchy, Specialization, Ethnicity, and Ceremony . . 159
9 Domestic Life in and around the Urban Sector of the Huacas of Moche Site, Northern Peru . . 181
10 Huari: A New Direction in Central Andean Urban Evolution . . 197
11 Domestic Economy as Political Economy at Chan Chan, Peru . . 221
12 Domestic Life and Craft Specialization in Inka Cusco and Its Rural Hinterland . . 243

PART III: COMMENTARY
13 Understanding Houses, Compounds, and Neighborhoods . . 255

LIST OF TABLES . . vii
LIST OF FIGURES . . viii
LIST OF PLATES . . xi
PREFACE . . xvii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . xviii

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION . . 1
CHAPTER 2. THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT . . 9
CHAPTER 3. THE HISTORICALLY DOCUMENTED OCCUPATION OF THE ZUMPANGO REGION: SIXTEENTH THROUGH TWENTIETH CENTURIES . . 29
CHAPTER 4. FIELD AND LABORATORY METHODOLOGY . . 57
CHAPTER 5. THE PATTERNING OF SETTLEMENT . . 61
CHAPTER 6. FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS . . 101
CHAPTER 7. RESUMEN EN ESPANOL DE LOS PRINCIPALES CONCLUSIONES . . 105

BIBLIOGRAPHY . . 709
APPENDIX A. THE SITE DESCRIPTIONS . . 119
APPENDIX B. CERAMIC CHRONOLOGY . . 349

List of Figures . . v
List of Tables . . viii
Foreword . . ix
Acknowledgments . . xi

1 Introduction . . 1
Theoretical Background: The Study of Interactions in Anthropology and Archaeology . . 2
History of the Early Woodland and Meadowood Concepts . . 7
Contrasting Interpretations of the Meadowood Interaction Sphere . . 8
Methodology: Evaluating Interaction Sphere Models in Archaeology . . 10
Description of Sites Analyzed . . 13

2 The Material Manifestations of the Meadowood Interaction Sphere . . 17
Flaked Stone Artifacts . . 17
Polished Stone Artifacts . . 39
Ground Stone Artifacts . . 49
Unmodified Stones and Minerals . . 53
Antler and Bone Artifacts . . 55
Shell and Native Copper Artifacts . . 67
Ceramic Artifacts . . 67
Discussion . . 69

3 Distribution of Meadowood Sites and Diagnostics in the Northeast . . 73
Lakes Ontario/Erie Lowlands and Northern Glaciated Allegheny Plateau . . 74
St. Lawrence/Champlain Lowlands and Eastern Townships . . 78
Hudson/Mohawk/Susquehanna Lowlands . . 82
Atlantic Coastal Plain . . 84
Maine-Maritime Province . . 86
Western Great Lakes . . 89
Canadian Shield . . 91
Discussion . . 91

4 Environmental and Cultural Contexts of Meadowood Material Manifestations . . 103
Finished Products . . 104
Raw Materials . . 112
Discussion . . 124

5 Environmental Productivity and Meadowood Communities . . 127
Subsistence Strategies . . 128
Caches and the Question of Specialization . . 147
Meadowood Settlement Patterns and Population Density . . 148
Burial Practices and Funerary Rituals . . 152
Discussion . . 164

6 Discussion and Conclusions . . 169
Material Manifestations . . 170
Spatial Distribution of Sites and Exotic Items . . 172
Meadowood Subsistence and Social Organization . . 173
Conclusion . . 175

Appendix A: Inventory of Meadowood Components/Diagnostics . . 177
References Cited . . 189

List of Figures . . vi
List of Tables . . xiv
Preface . . xv

1. Introduction to the Huancane-Putina Survey . . 1
   The Northern Titicaca Basin Landscape . . 1
   Previous Research and Archaeological Context . . 17
   Survey Area and Research Design . . 19
2. Analysis of Ceramics from the Middle and Lower Rio Huancane Subdrainage, Department of Puno, Peru . . 23
   Results . . 24
   Discussion . . 30
   Summary of the Periods . . 32
   Paste Analysis . . 34
   Description of Wares . . 48
3. Site Descriptions . . 173
4. Huancane-Putina Settlement Patterns: Interpretations and Discussion . . 261
   The Archaic Period . . 261
   Formative I . . 264
   Formative II . . 226
   Formative III . . 268
   Huana I . . 268
   Huana II and Tiwanaku I . . 268
   Tiwanaku II . . 268
   Altiplano I . . 274
   Altiplano II . . 274
   Altiplano III . . 274
   Inca I . . 274
   Inca II . . 278
   Inca III . . 278
   Discussion . . 278

Appendix A: Ceramic Materials from the Huancane-Putina Survey . . 283
Appendix B: Lithic Materials from the Huancane-Putina Survey . . 391
References Cited . . 403

List of Illustrations . . VIII
List of Tables . . XVI
Acknowledgments . . XIX

Part I: An Introduction to the Kingdom of Huarco and its Ecosystems 
1 The Ecosystems of the Kingdom of Huarco . . 3
2 Provenience and Context of the Plant and Animal Remains at Cerro Azul . . 20

Part II: How Cerro Azul Made Use of Trophic Levels 2,3, and 4 
3 The Collection of Shellfish . . 35
4 The Collection of Crustaceans . . 54
5 Crayfish Trapping . . 65
6 The Fish Resources of Cerro Azul in the 1980s . . 72
7 Fishing Strategies and Fishing Gear . . 98
8 The Drying of Fish for Export . . 116
9 The Archaeological Fish Remains from Cerro Azul . . 120
10 The Hunting of Birds and Mammals . . 158
11 The Bird Life of Canete and the Avifauna of Cerro Azul . . 172
12 The Hunting of Marine Mammals . . 186

Part III: The Use of Plants at Cerro Azul 
13 Edible, Ritual, and Medicinal Plants . . 201
14 Comments on the Late Intermediate Maize . . 232
15 Phaseolus and Erythrina from Cerro Azul . . 254
16 Industrial Plants . . 262

Part IV: The Domestic Animals, Their Skeletal Remains, and Their Byproducts 
17 Camelids and Ch'arki at Cerro Azul . . 287
18 Domestic Dogs . . 318
19 The Raising of Guinea Pigs . . 324
20 Macrofossil and Palynological Analysis of the Coprolites from Cerro Azul . . 334

Part V: The Interface of Ecology and Economy 
21 The Economy of the Kingdom of Huarco . . 340

Appendix A: Artisanal Fishing at Cerro Azul, 1984-1986 . . 352
References Cited . . 359
Index . . 371