Cambridge University Press

List of Figures . . vii
Acknowledgments . . ix

Introduction . . 1

1 Customs and Cuisine . . 11
Diets and Food Lore in Warring States and Han China . . 14
Meat and Morals . . 26
Banquets . . 34
Cenat Confucius . . 42

2 Cooking the World . . 49
The Butcher and the Cook . . 49
Cooking and Harmony . . 59
Yi Yin and Fundamental Tastes . . 65
Cosmic Dining . . 76

3 Sacrifice and Sense . . 83
Offering the Tasteless . . 84
Spirit and Spirits . . 95
Searching for Spirit . . 106

4 The Economics of Sacrifice . . 122
Sacrificial Levies . . 124
Monthly Ordinances . . 128
Maintenance Towns and Personnel . . 134
Spirit Commerce . . 143
Regulating Sacrifice . . 148
Gifts for Spirits, Goods for Mortals . . 152
The Rhetoric of Plenty . . 157

5 Sages, Spirits, and Senses . . 167
Olfaction . . 168
Seeing and Hearing . . 174
Sensory Synthesis . . 178
Sages, Screens, and Earplugs . . 191
The Clairvoyant and the Blind . . 196

Concluding Remarks . . 203

Bibliography . . 207
Index . . 227

List of Boxes, Figures, and Maps . . ix
Preface . . xi

1 In the beginning: Religion and history . . 1

2 Ming China: The fourteenth century's new world order . . 15
I. Religious foundations of late imperial China . . 15
II. The emperor monk: Zhu Yuanzhang and the new Confucian state . . 36

3 The Buddha and the shogun in sixteenth-century Japan . . 53
I. Religious foundations of medieval Japan . . 53
II. Burning monks: The assault on Buddhism . . 66

4 Opportunities lost: The failure of Christianity, 1550-1750 . . 72
I. The Society of Jesus comes to Asia . . 72
II. The roots of conflict and the long road home . . 84

5 Buddhism: Incarnations and reincarnations . . 94
I. Bodhisattvas and barbarians: Buddhism in Ming and Qing China . . 94
II. The gilded cage: Funerary Buddhism during the Tokugawa . . 105
III. Samurai and nothingness: Zen and the Japanese warrior elite . . 113

6 Apocalypse now . . 123
I. Why the world keeps ending . . 123
II. The White Lotus: Six centuries of Chinese heresy, 1360-1860 . . 131

7 Out of the twilight: Religion and the late nineteenth century . . 142
I. Fists of Justice and Harmony: Christian mission and the last stand of Chinese traditionalism . . 142
II. Kill the Buddha! Shinto and the new traditionalism of Meiji Japan . . 151

8 Into the abyss: Religion and the road to disaster during the early twentieth century . . 161
I. Toward Confucian fascism: China searches for direction . . 161
II. Spirit of the rising sun: Japanese religious militarism . . 179

9 Brave new world: Religion in the reinvention of postwar Asia . . 194
I. Opiate of the masses: Why Marxism opposes religion . . 194
II. The people's faith: How religion survived China's socialist paradise . . 202
III. The peace paradigm and search for meaning in Japan . . 215

10 The globalization of Asian religion . . 224

Glossary . . 231
Timeline of dynasties and major events . . 237
Suggestions for further reading . . 239
Index . . 245

Acknowledgements . . ix

1. Introduction . . 1
1. Problems with research on sexism . . 5
2. My theoretical position . . 22
3. Structure of the book . . 33

2. Overt sexism . . 35
1. Hate speech and sexism . . 38
2. Contexts of sexism . . 40
3. Types of overt sexism . . 41
4. Sexism, racism and homophobia . . 73

3. Language reform . . 77
1. Institutional language change . . 78
2. Strategies of reform . . 83
3. Effectiveness of reform . . 91
4. Responses to anti-sexist campaigns . . 97

4. 'Political correctness' . . 100
1. Development of the term 'political correctness' . . 106
2. 'Political incorrectness' . . 108
3. Anti-sexist campaigns and 'political correctness' . . 114
4. Model of 'political correctness' and anti-sexism . . 119

5. Indirect sexism . . 124
1. Language as a system . . 124
2. Stereotypes . . 126
3. Institutions and language . . 132
4. Indirect sexism . . 133
5. Types of indirect sexism . . 140
6. Challenging indirect sexism . . 152

6. Conclusions . . 154
1. Public sensitivity to issues of sexism . . 154
2. Why analyse sexism . . 155
3. Why reform matters . . 156
4. Should we accept sexism? . . 157

Bibliography . . 162
Index . . 174

Acknowledgements . . ix
1 The Glass Case . . 1

I CONTEXT
2 Secrecy and Security . . 27
3 Regime Change . . 51
4 Message Discipline . . 82
5 Soft States . . 107

II STRUCTURE
6 Opaque Networks . . 127
7 The Corporate Veil . . 150
8 Remote Control . . 171

III TECHNOLOGY
9 Liquid Paper . . 199

IV CONCLUSION
10 The End of the Story? . . 231

Notes . . 239
Index . . 303

List of illustrations . . x
List of tables . . xi
Table of cases . . xii
Table of UK statutes . . xx
Table of UK statutory instruments . . xxiii
Table of European Communities legislation and documents . . xxiv
Table of foreign statutes . . xxvi
Table of treaties and conventions . . xxix
Acknowledgements . . xxx
List of abbreviations . . xxxi

1. Introduction . . 1
2. The concepts of fairness . . 4
2.1 Introduction . . 4
2.2 Definition of fairness in dispute resolution . . 5
2.3 Process values and forms of procedural justice . . 8
2.4 Due process . . 13
2.5 The difference principle: counter-balancing existing inequalities . . 14
2.6 The inherent conflict between due process and effectiveness . . 17
2.7 Conclusion . . 18
3. Internet disputes . . 19
3.1 Introduction . . 19
3.2 Characteristics of the Internet . . 19
3.3 Examples of Internet disputes . . 26
3.4 Contract and tort . . 28
3.5 Power in dispute resolution . . 29
3.6 Definition of relevant disputes in respect of the parties . . 32
3.7 Definition of relevant disputes in respect of the size of the claim . . 37
3.8 Chargebacks and refunds by payment service providers . . 38
3.9 The jurisdictional challenge of the Internet . . 44
3.10 Conclusion . . 45
4. ADR and applicable law . . 47
4.1 Introduction . . 47
4.2 ADR . . 48
4.3 Applicable law . . 60
4.4 Conclusion . . 73
5. ODR and access . . 74
5.1 Introduction . . 74
5.2 Definition of ODR . . 74
5.3 Forms of ODR . . 75
5.4 Technologies used . . 78
5.5 Transformative power of ODR . . 86
5.6 Conclusion . . 90
6. Arbitration and due process . . 91
6.1 Introduction . . 91
6.2 Sources of legal due process . . 91
6.3 Impartiality and independence in adjudication . . 112
6.4 Fair hearing . . 130
6.5 Duty to give reasons . . 140
6.6 Transparency versus confidentiality . . 144
6.7 Right of appeal / judicial review of arbitration awards . . 160
6.8 Conclusion . . 167
7. Internet disputes and fair arbitration . . 169
7.1 Introduction . . 169
7.2 Legal controls on the use of arbitration clauses in consumer contracts . . 171
7.3 UDRP as a model for ODR . . 186
7.4 Proportionate model of dispute resolution . . 214
7.5 Conclusion . . 218
8. A model of dispute resolution for the Internet . . 220
8.1 Introduction . . 220
8.2 Bringing the parties to arbitration . . 221
8.3 Standards for online arbitration of Internet disputes - findings from previous chapters . . 238
8.4 Implementation of the standards . . 244
8.5 Proportionality, costs and state funding . . 249
8.6 The model: resolution of Internet disputes . . 254
8.7 Conclusion . . 260
8.8 Recommendations . . 261

Bibliography . . 264
Index . . 274

List of illustrations . . x
Preface . . xi
List of abbreviations . . xiii

PART I PARAPEGMATA AND ASTROMETEOROLOGY
1 The rain in Attica falls mainly under Sagitta . . 3
2 Spelt and spica . . 28
3 De signis . . 55
4 When are thirty days not a month? . . 70
5 Calendars, weather, and stars in Babylon . . 98
6 Egyptian astrometeorology . . 116
7 Conclusion . . 138

PART II SOURCES
Catalogue of extant parapegmata . . 147
Extant parapegmata: texts and translations . . 217

Appendix 1. Authorities cited in parapegmata . . 492
Appendix 2. Tables of correspondence of parapegmata . . 495

Bibliography . . 499
Astrometeorological index . . 519
General index . . 548

Preface . . xi
1. INTRODUCTION . . 1
2. GASDYNAMIC THEORY OF DETONATIONS AND DEFLAGRATIONS . . 26
3. DYNAMICS OF DETONATION PRODUCTS . . 53
4. LAMINAR STRUCTURE OF DETONATIONS . . 73
5. UNSTABLE DETONATIONS: NUMERICAL DESCRIPTION . . 98
6. UNSTABLE DETONATIONS: EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS . . 147
7. INFLUENCE OF BOUNDARY CONDITIONS . . 204
8. DEFLAGRATION-TO-DETONATION TRANSITION . . 250
9. DIRECT INITIATION OF DETONATIONS . . 297
Epilogue . . 373
Index . . 377

Contributors . . ix
Acknowledgments . . xi

Introduction: Transatlantic Perspectives on Capital Punishment: National Identity, the Death Penalty, and the Prospects for Abolition . . 1

PART I: WHAT IS A PENALTY OF DEATH: CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN CONTEXT

1 The Green, Green Grass of Home: Capital Punishment and the Penal System from a Long-Term Perspective . . 17
2 Did Anyone Die Here?: Legal Personalities, the Supermax, and the Politics of Abolition . . 47
3 Capital Punishment as Homeowner's Insurance: The Rise of the Homeowner Citizen and the Fate of Ultimate Sanctions in Both Europe and the United States . . 78

PART II: ON THE MEANING OF DEATH AND PAIN IN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES: VIEWING, WITNESSING, UNDERSTANDING

4 The Witnessing of Judgment: Between Error, Mercy, and Vindictiveness . . 109
5 Unframing the Death Penalty: Transatlantic Discourse on the Possibility of Abolition and the Execution of Saddam Hussein . . 126
6 Executions and the Debate over Abolition in France and the United States . . 150

PART III: ABOLITIONIST DISCOURSES, ABOLITIONIST STRATEGIES, ABOLITIONIST DILEMMAS: TRANSATLANTIC PERSPECTIVES

7 Civilized Rebels: Death-Penalty Abolition in Europe as Cause, Mark of Distinction, and Political Strategy . . 173
8 The Death of Dignity . . 204
9 Sovereignty and the Unnecessary Penalty of Death: European and United States Perspectives . . 236
10 European Policy on the Death Penalty . . 268
11 The Long Shadow of the Death Penalty: Mass Incarceration, Capital Punishment, and Penal Policy in the United States . . 292

Index . . 323

Acknowledgements . . viii
Map I . . ix
Map 2 . . x
General Introduction . . I
Introduction to the Latin Text . . 173
Bibliography . . 184
Sigla and Abbreviations . . 189
Malleus Maleficarum: The Latin Text . . 191
Appendix . . 718